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Arab Winter
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????? 2014-present
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??? ???? [1] [2] [3] ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? [4]

??? ???? 2014 ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? [5] [6] ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? [7] ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ? [8] ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ? [9] ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? [10]

2014 ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? [11] ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? 2014 ? [12] ?? ???? ????

??? ???? [ ????? ]

???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 2011 ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? "??? ???? ????" ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? [24] "???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? "??? ????" ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? " [25]

2016 ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? "???? ?? ???? ????? ????" ??? [26]

????? [ ????? ]

???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? 2014 ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? 800 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 2014 ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? [27]

?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ? 2014 ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????

????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 2017 ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? 30?000 ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? 220?000?320?000 ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? 4 ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? [6]

??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? (2012) ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????

???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? [28] ?? ?? ????? ??? ? "???? ?? ???" ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? [29] ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? "?????" ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? [30]

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????? ??? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ "Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad" ? The Telegraph? The Jerusalem Post ? ??? ??? ?????? October 8, 2014  
  2. ↑ "Expert Warns of America's Coming 'Arab Winter ' " ? CBN? 2014-09-08 ? ??? ??? ?????? October 8, 2014  
  3. ↑ "Arab Spring or Arab Winter?" ? The New Yorker ? ??? ??? ?????? October 8, 2014  
  4. ↑ Yun Ru Phua? "After Every Winter Comes Spring: Tunisia's Democratic Flowering ? Berkeley Political Review" ? Bpr.berkeley.edu ? ??? ??? ?????? 11 ????? 2017  
  5. ↑ Ahmed H Adam and Ashley D Robinson. Will the Arab Winter spring again in Sudan? . Al-Jazeera. 11 June 2016. "The Arab Spring that swept across the Middle East and succeeded in overthrowing three dictatorships in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya in 2011 was a pivotal point in the history of nations. Despite the subsequent descent into the "Arab Winter", the peaceful protests of young people were heroic..."
  6. ^ ? ? James Y. Simms, Jr.? "Arab Spring to Arab Winter: a predictable debacle in the Middle East" ? richmond.com ? ??? ??? ?????? July 7, 2017  
  7. ↑ Radoslaw Fiedler, Przemyslaw Osiewicz. Transformation processes in Egypt after 2011 . 2015. p182.
  8. ↑ "From Egypt to Syria, this could be the start of the Arab Winter" ? The Conversation? April 17, 2014 ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  9. ↑ P Rivlin (Jan 2014)? Iqtisadi (PDF) ? Dayan Research Center? October 23, 2014 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? October 18, 2014  
  10. ↑ Lassen Malmvig (2013)? Arab uprisings: regional implication (PDF) ? IEMED? 24 ????? 2015 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 08 ????? 2020  
  11. ↑ "Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa ? between the Arab Winter and the Arab Spring" (PDF) ? International Affairs? LB? August 28, 2013? 18 ?????? 2014 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 08 ????? 2020  
  12. ↑ "Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad - Middle East - Jerusalem Post"  
  13. ↑ Phil Karber (2012-06-18)? Fear and Faith in Paradise ? ISBN   978-1-4422-1479-8 ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  14. ↑ "Arab Winter" ? America Staging? 2012-12-28 ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  15. ↑ "Analysis: Arab Winter is coming to Baghdad" ? The Jerusalem Post ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  16. ↑ "Egypt and Tunisia's new 'Arab winter ' " ? Euro news? 2013-02-08 ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  17. ↑ "Lecture Explores Past and Future Arab Spring" ? The Daily Gazette? October 10, 2014? 19 ?????? 2014 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? October 19, 2014  
  18. ↑ "Yemen's Arab winter" ? Middle East Eye ? ??? ??? ?????? October 23, 2014  
  19. ↑ "Egypt & Tunisia's new Arab winter" ? Euro news? February 8, 2013  
  20. ↑ "The Coup in Egypt: An Arab Winter?" ? July 5, 2013 ? ??? ??? ?????? November 1, 2014  
  21. ↑ Sophia Jones (January 21, 2014)? "In Egypt, Arab Spring Gives Way To Military Winter" ? The World Post? The Huffington Post ? ??? ??? ?????? November 1, 2014  
  22. ↑ "In Mali AQ achieved to infiltrate and take over Tuareg insurgency . If AQ succeeds to keep the Arab Spring countries destabilized, this will lead to a viral reproduction of ????? scenario. AQ is the "Islamic Winter"."
  23. ↑ "Egypt & Tunisia's new Arab winter" ? Euro news? February 8, 2013  
  24. ↑ ???? "?天下??| ???：??自信??回望六年前?福山的那???" ? www.guancha.cn (????? ????)  
  25. ↑ "?的??？??福山??????"中?模式"-???、弗朗西斯·福山" ? guancha (????? ????) ? ??? ??? ?????? 02 ???? 2018 ? 而且我自己?中?的了解使我得出??的??，西方千万不要太高?，???美?的利益????多的??。?在叫中?的春天，我看不久就要?成中?的冬天。  
  26. ↑ "The Arab winter" ? 2016-01-09 ? ??? ??? ?????? July 7, 2017  
  27. ↑ P Rivlin (Jan 2014)? Iqtisadi (PDF) ? Dayan Research Center? October 23, 2014 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? October 18, 2014  
  28. ↑ “Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa: Between an Arab Winter and the Arab Spring” . "In the midst of ongoing uprisings, violence, and political turmoil, widespread population displacement took place as a result of the conflict in Libya, the violence in Syria and upheaval in Yemen. In each of these contexts, the new waves of displacement took place in or to areas already struggling with previous waves, leading to multi-layered and complex crises."
  29. ↑ Shaden Khallaf (August 2013)? "Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa: Between an Arab Winter and the Arab Spring" (PDF) ? Working Paper Series (17)? Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut? 09 ?????? 2017 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 08 ????? 2020  
  30. ↑ Shaden Khallaf (August 2013)? "Displacement in the Middle East and North Africa: Between an Arab Winter and the Arab Spring" (PDF) ? Working Paper Series (17)? Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut? 09 ?????? 2017 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 08 ????? 2020  

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