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????? ?? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? 1940? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? 1967? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? 1978? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? 1984? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? 1998 ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? 1999? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 2004 ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? 2009? ??? ’?????? ?????‘ ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ^[3]

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↑ ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharad-Pawar ? ????: Sharad Pawar ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157675 ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2020
↑ "BBC Urdu | ????? ????????: ??????? ????" ? 25 ??????? 2020 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 01 ????? 2016

[0d10e23e3243e3278923853ab6df7a473537174b-1] ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharad-Pawar ? ????: Sharad Pawar ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ????? : Encyclopædia Britannica

[2bb469e660d401e0cf8572f36eb802f6fd7bd0ea-2] ttps://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=157675 ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2020

[3] "BBC Urdu | ????? ????????: ??????? ????" ? 25 ??????? 2020 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 01 ????? 2016

[1]

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? ? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????
??	Ebrahim Alkazi ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? T. Balasaraswati ??? ?????? Nandalal Bose Hariprasad Chaurasia ????? ???? Kumar Gandharva Adoor Gopalakrishnan Satish Gujral ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? Amjad Ali Khan Allauddin Khan ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) Yamini Krishnamurthy ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? Zubin Mehta Mario Miranda Chhannulal Mishra Kelucharan Mohapatra Raghunath Mohapatra Jasraj Motiram Benode Behari Mukherjee ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? D. K. Pattammal K. Shankar Pillai Balwant Moreshwar Purandare ?????? ??????? ??? Kaloji Narayana Rao ???? ??? ???? S. H. Raza ???? ???? Uday Shankar ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? Shivkumar Sharma Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman ??? ????? K. G. Subramanyan Kapila Vatsyayan ?????? ????????? K. J. Yesudas ???? ???? (???????)
?????? ??????	Bimala Prasad Chaliha Naresh Chandra T. N. Chaturvedi Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri Suranjan Das Rajeshwar Dayal ????? ???? P. N. Dhar ?? ??? ????? M. S. Gill Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim H. V. R. Iyengar Bhola Nath Jha Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Ajudhia Nath Khosla Rai Krishnadasa V. Krishnamurthy P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam Pratap Chandra Lal K. B. Lall ???? ????? ???? ??? Om Prakash Mehra Mohan Sinha Mehta M. G. K. Menon Brajesh Mishra Sumati Morarjee A. Ramasamy Mudaliar Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan Braj Kumar Nehru Bhairab Dutt Pande Ghananand Pande ???? ????? ???? T. V. Rajeswar C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao Pattadakal Venkanna R Rao V. K. R. V. Rao Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Harish Chandra Sarin Binay Ranjan Sen Homi Sethna Arjan Singh Harbaksh Singh ????? ???? ?????? ???? Tarlok Singh Lallan Prasad Singh Balaram Sivaraman Chandrika Prasad Srivastava T. Swaminathan Arun Shridhar Vaidya Dharma Vira Narinder Nath Vohra
??? ??? ?????	V. S. R. Arunachalam Jagdish Bhagwati ?? ????? ???? ??? Tara Chand Suniti Kumar Chatterji D. P. Chattopadhyaya Bhabatosh Datta Avinash Dixit Mahasweta Devi John Kenneth Galbraith ?????? ????? Lakshman Shastri Joshi Kaka Kalelkar Dhondo Keshav Karve ???? ???? ??? ??? Kuvempu O. N. V. Kurup Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sitakant Mahapatra John Mathai Kotha Satchidanda Murthy ????? ????? ???? ????? Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri Bal Ram Nanda R. K. Narayan P. Parameswaran ????? ????? K. N. Raj C. Rangarajan ???? ??? Ramoji Rao Hormasji Maneckji Seervai Rajaram Shastri Kalu Lal Shrimali Govindbhai Shroff ????? ???? Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey ??????? ???? Bashir Hussain Zaidi
??	Jasbir Singh Bajaj B. K. Goyal Purshotam Lal A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar S. I. Padmavati Autar Singh Paintal Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti Balu Sankaran V. Shanta Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar Prakash Narain Tandon Brihaspati Dev Triguna M. S. Valiathan
????	Sunderlal Bahuguna B. K. S. Iyengar ??? ???? ?????? Ravi Shankar ??? ???? ???
????? ???????	??? ???? ?????? Montek Singh Ahluwalia Aruna Asaf Ali Fazal Ali Adarsh Sein Anand Madhav Shrihari Aney Parkash Singh Badal ????? ??? (????????) Milon K. Banerji ???? ???? ???? ??? P. N. Bhagwati Raja Chelliah Chandra Kisan Daphtary Niren De C. D. Deshmukh Anthony Lancelot Dias Uma Shankar Dikshit Kazi Lhendup Dorjee P. B. Gajendragadkar Benjamin A. Gilman ???? ???? (????? ???) V. R. Krishna Iyer Jagmohan Lakshmi Chand Jain Aditya Nath Jha ???? ????? ???? Mehdi Nawaz Jung Ali Yavar Jung Vijay Kelkar Hans Raj Khanna V. N. Khare Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher ????? ?????? ?????? Jivraj Narayan Mehta V. K. Krishna Menon Hirendranath Mukherjee Ajoy Mukherjee ???? ?????? Padmaja Naidu ?????? ??? ???? Govind Narain Fali Sam Nariman Hosei Norota Nanabhoy Palkhivala K. Parasaran Hari Vinayak Pataskar Sunder Lal Patwa ??? ???? Naryana Raghvan Pillai Sri Prakasa N. G. Ranga Ravi Narayana Reddy Y. Venugopal Reddy Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq ????? ???? P. A. Sangma M. C. Setalvad Karan Singh Nagendra Singh Swaran Singh Walter Sisulu Soli Sorabjee Kalyan Sundaram Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi ??? ????? ??????? M. N. Venkatachaliah Kottayan Katankot Venugopal Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
????? ??? ?????????	V. K. Aatre ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? Rajagopala Chidambaram Charles Correa Satish Dhawan Anil Kakodkar ??? ?????? Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan ?? ????? ?????? Daulat Singh Kothari ????? ????? Raghunath Anant Mashelkar G. Madhavan Nair Roddam Narasimha Jayant Narlikar Rajendra K. Pachauri Benjamin Peary Pal Yash Pal I. G. Patel ????? ???? ???????? K. R. Ramanathan ???? ???? C. R. Rao C. N. R. Rao Palle Rama Rao Udupi Ramachandra Rao Vikram Sarabhai Man Mohan Sharma Obaid Siddiqi E. Sreedharan M. R. Srinivasan George Sudarshan M. S. Swaminathan
????? ???	???? ???? Pandurang Shastri Athavale Janaki Devi Bajaj Mirabehn Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay ???? ???? ?????? Nanaji Deshmukh ????? ??? ????? Mohan Dharia U. N. Dhebar Valerian Gracias Veerendra Heggade Mary Clubwala Jadhav Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
????	???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????
????? ??? ????	????? ????? ?????? Ghanshyam Das Birla Ashok Sekhar Ganguly ??? ??? ????? Lakshmi Mittal ??? ?? ?????? ????? M. Narasimham Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi Azim Premji Prathap C. Reddy J. R. D. Tata Ratan Tata
???:????? ????:?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????

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Seva Dal Minority Congress Mahila Congress Youth Congress National Students Union of India (NSUI) Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
?????	Statewise Election history of Congress Party ???? ?????? ?????? Congress Radio 10 Janpath ?????? ???? ??? ????? Bofors scandal INA Defence Committee Indian National Congress (Organisation) Breakaway parties Congress Karma Parishad Congress core group
?????? ???????	??????? ?? ???? Working President Congress Working Committee Central Election Committee All India Congress Committee
????? ??????? ??????? (?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??)	Andaman & Nicobar TCC Andhra Arunachal Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Chandigarh TCC Dadra & Nagar Haveli TCC Daman & Diu TCC Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Mumbai RCC Nagaland Odisha Puducherry PCC Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
????	Banerjee ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? Yule Wedderburn Mehta Charlappa Banerjee ???? ????? ?????? Webb ?????? ???? ????? Sayani Nair A. M. Bose ???? ???? ?? Chandavarkar Wacha ?????? ???? ????? L. Ghosh H. Cotton ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? R. Ghosh (1907?1908) ?????? Wedderburn Dar Mudholkar Bahadur B. N. Bose Sinha Mazumdar ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? C. Vijayaraghavachariar ???? ???? ??? Das ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? Iyengar ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (1932?1933) Nellie Sengupta ?????? ????? (1934?1935) ????? ??? ???? (1936?1937) ????? ???? ??? (1938?1939) ??? ?????? ???? (1940?1946) ?????? ??????? Sitaramayya (1948?1949) Tandon ????? ??? ???? (1951?1954) Dhebar (1955?1959) ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? (1960?1963) K. Kamaraj (1964?1967) S. Nijalingappa (1968?1969) Jagjivan Ram (1970?1971) ???? ???? ???? (1972?1974) Baruah (1975?1977) ????? ?????? (1978?1984) ????? ?????? (1985?1991) ?????? ??? (1992?1996) Kesri (1996?1998) ????? ?????? (1998?2017) ???? ?????? (2017-present)
??? ???? ?????	????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? Kharge
????? ???? ?????	?????? ???? Vora ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? Antony Digvijaya Chidambaram Singhvi Sibal ????? ????
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