???? ?? ?????

???? ?? ????? ( ????? : ??? ?? ?????) ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? (?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??) ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ^[1] ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ^[2]^[3] ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????

????? [ ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? 19??? ??? 20??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???: ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ^[4]

???? ????? ?? ???????? [ ????? ]

???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? 7000 ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? 3000 ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????

?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? " ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???" ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? (??????? 3000 ?? 2500 ??? ????) ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ^[5]

???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? 20 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???

??? [ ????? ]

????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ^[6] ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? 8??? ??? 9??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ^[7]

????? [ ????? ]

????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???

?????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???

????? ??? [ ????? ]

↑ Sindhi Culture And Customs ??????? ??? 2003-07-02 ?????? archive.today . Retrieved on 9 July 2008.
↑ Thakur, U (1959). Sindhi Culture. University of Bombay.
↑ http://www.jhulelal.com/culture.html
↑ ???? ??? ???? and Zaman, W. (1975). Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture. University of Islamabad Press.
↑ Sindhi Culture . Retrieved on 9 July 2008
↑ Schimmel, A.M. (1983). Makli Hill: A Center of Islamic Culture in Sindh. First Syed Hussamuddin Rashdi Memorial Lecture . Institute of Central and West Asian Studies, University of Karachi.
↑ Asani, A. (2003). At the Crossroads of Indic and Iranian Civilizations: Sindhi Literary Culture. In S.I. Pollock, Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia . University of California Press.

[1] Sindhi Culture And Customs ??????? ??? 2003-07-02 ?????? archive.today . Retrieved on 9 July 2008.

[2] Thakur, U (1959). Sindhi Culture. University of Bombay.

[3] ttp://www.jhulelal.com/culture.html

[4] ???? ??? ???? and Zaman, W. (1975). Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture. University of Islamabad Press.

[5] Sindhi Culture . Retrieved on 9 July 2008

[6] Schimmel, A.M. (1983). Makli Hill: A Center of Islamic Culture in Sindh. First Syed Hussamuddin Rashdi Memorial Lecture . Institute of Central and West Asian Studies, University of Karachi.

[7] Asani, A. (2003). At the Crossroads of Indic and Iranian Civilizations: Sindhi Literary Culture. In S.I. Pollock, Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia . University of California Press.

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