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????? ??????? British Empire

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????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1921? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? 33 ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? 45 ???? 80 ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????

?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 1541? ?? ????? 1607? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 1707 ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????

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????? ???????? 15 ???? 1947? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ????? 23 ???? 1956? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? 1947? ?? ????? 1952? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? 1952? ?? ???? 1956? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? " ????????? ?? ??????? " ???? "????? ???????"?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? [???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????] ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? [??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???] ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?

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????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????

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1877?1878? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? 12 ?? 29 ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? tax ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???-

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?????: ?????? ?????; ????? ?????; * ?? ???? ?????? ?????; ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???

?????: Anglosphere

? ? ? ????
1542?1800 ????? ??????? (????? ????? ??? ????) 1708?1757, 1763?1782 ??? 1798?1802 ??????? ?? 1713 ??? ?????? 1800?1813 ????? (??? ?????) 1813?1964 ????? (??????) 1807?1890 ?????????? 1809?1864 ????? ????? 1878?1960 ??????? ???? 1921?1937 ???? ???? ????? ?? 1960 ????????? ? ??????? (???? ???? ?? ???)

????? ??????

??????? ??? ??? ???		????????? ???	??????? ??? ?????? ???
1579 ??? ?????? 16th c.?1880 ??????? ????? ????? ??? 1583?1907 ??? ????? ???? 1605?1979 * ???? ????? 1607?1776 ??????? ?? 1619 ?????? 1620?1691 ???????? 1623?1883 ???? ???? 1624?1966 * ???????? 1625?1650 ???? ???? 1627?1979 * ???? ??????? ? ?????????? 1628?1883 ????? 1629?1691 ????????? ?? 1632?1776 ???? ???? since 1632 ???????? 1632?1860 ???????? 1635?1644 ?????? 1636?1776 ???????? 1636?1776 ??? ?????? 1637?1662 ??? ????	1643?1860 ?? ??????? ????? ?? 1650 ???????? 1655?1860 Mosquito Coast 1655?1962 * Jamaica 1663?1712 Carolina 1664?1776 New-York 1665?1674 and 1702?1776 New-Jersey Since 1666 ??????? ????? ???? Since 1670 ????? ????? 1670?1973 * Bahamas 1670?1870 Rupert's Land 1671?1816 Leeward Islands 1674?1702 East Jersey 1674?1702 West Jersey 1680?1776 New Hampshire 1681?1776 Pennsylvania 1686?1689 New England 1691?1776 Massachusetts-Bay	1701?1776 Delaware 1712?1776 North-Carolina 1712?1776 South-Carolina 1713?1867 Nova-Scotia 1733?1776 Georgia 1754?1820 Cape Breton Island 1762?1974 * Grenada 1763?1978 Dominica 1763?1873 Prince Edward Island 1763?1791 Quebec 1763?1783 East Florida 1763?1783 West Florida 1784?1867 New Brunswick 1791?1841 Lower Canada 1791?1841 Upper Canada Since 1799 ????? ???? ? ?????	1818?1846 Columbia District / Oregon Country ¹ 1833?1960 Windward Islands 1833?1960 Leeward Islands 1841?1867 Canada 1843 Paulet affair 1849?1866 Vancouver Island 1853?1863 Queen Charlotte Islands 1858?1866 British Columbia 1859?1870 North-Western Territory 1860?1981 * British Antigua and Barbuda 1862?1863 Stickeen 1866?1871 British Columbia 1867?1931 * Dominion of Canada ² 1871?1964 Honduras 1882?1983 * Saint Kitts and Nevis 1889?1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1907?1949 Newfoundland ³ 1958?1962 West Indies Federation 1967?1983 West Indies Associated States

1. Occupied jointly with the United States.
2. In 1931, Canada and other British ??????? s obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster ? See Name of Canada ?
3. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a ?????? ????? Dominion until it ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? in 1949.

? ? ? ????? ??????
1631?1641 Providence Island 1651?1667 Willoughbyland 1670?1688 ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ⁴ 1831?1966 ??????? ????? Since 1833 ????? ??????? ⁵ Since 1908 ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ⁵
4. Now a ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? 5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of ????????? 1982.

??????

??????? ??? ????????? ???	??????? ???		?????? ???
Since 1658 ???? ????? ¹⁴ 1792?1961 Sierra Leone 1795?1803 Cape Colony	Since 1815 ????? ?????? ¹⁴ Since 1816 ?????? ?? ????? ¹⁴ 1806?1910 Cape of Good Hope 1807?1808 Madeira 1810?1968 Mauritius 1816?1965 The Gambia 1856?1910 Natal 1862?1906 Lagos 1868?1966 ?????????? 1874?1957 ???? ???? (??????? ???????) 1882?1922 ????? ???	1884?1900 Niger Coast 1884?1966 Bechuanaland 1884?1960 ??????? ?????? ???? 1887?1897 ????? ???? 1890?1962 Uganda 1890?1963 ?????? 1891?1964 Nyasaland 1891?1907 Central Africa 1893?1968 Swaziland 1895?1920 ????? ????? ?????? 1899?1956 ?????? ???? ?????	1900?1914 Northern Nigeria 1900?1914 Southern Nigeria 1900?1910 Orange River 1900?1910 ???????? ?????? 1903?1976 Seychelles 1910?1931 ????? ????? ?????? 1914?1960 Nigeria 1915?1931 ???? ????? ?????? 1919?1961 Cameroons ⁶ 1920?1963 Kenya 1922?1961 ????????? ????? ⁶ 1923?1965 and 1979?1980 Southern Rhodesia ⁷ 1924?1964 Northern Rhodesia

6. League of Nations mandate ?
7. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as ??????? ) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement ? After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

?????

??????? ??? ????????? ???	??????? ???		?????? ???
1685?1824 Bencoolen 1702?1705 Pulo Condore 1757?1947 ????? ????????? 1762?1764 Manila and Cavite 1781?1784 and 1795?1819 ?????? 1786?1946 Penang 1795?1948 ??????? ????? 1796?1965 Maldives	1811?1816 ???? 1812?1824 ?????? and Billiton 1819?1826 Malaya 1824?1948 Burma 1826?1946 ???????? ?????? 1839?1967 ??????? ??? 1839?1842 ???? ?????? ????? ??? 1841?1997 ??????? ???? ???? 1841?1946 ????? ?????? 1848?1946 Labuan 1858?1947 ??????? ??? 1874?1963 Borneo	1879?1919 Afghanistan (??? ?????) 1882?1963 ????? ?????? 1885?1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888?1984 Brunei 1891?1971 ???? ? ???? 1892?1971 ????????? ???? ?????? 1895?1946 ????? ???? ??????? 1898?1930 Weihai 1878?1960 ??????? ????	1907?1949 Bhutan (??? ?????) 1918?1961 ????? ???? 1920?1932 Mesopotamia ⁸ 1921?1946 ????? ??? ???? ⁸ 1923?1948 ?????? ?????? ⁸ 1945?1946 South Vietnam 1946?1963 North Borneo 1946?1963 Sarawak 1946?1963 Singapore 1946?1948 ????? ????? 1948?1957 ???? ????? Since 1960 ????????? ? ??????? (before as part of ???? ) Since 1965 ??????? ?????? ??? (before as part of ?????? and the ??????? )

⁸ League of Nations mandate ? Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty

??????????

????????? ??? ??????? ???		?????? ???
1788?1901 New South Wales 1803?1901 Van Diemen's Land / Tasmania 1807?1863 Auckland Islands ⁹ 1824?1980 New Hebrides 1824?1901 Queensland 1829?1901 Swan River / Western Australia 1836?1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands	1841?1907 New Zealand 1846?1847 ????? ???????? 1851?1901 Victoria 1874?1970 Fiji 1877?1976 Western Pacific Territories 1884?1949 ????? ????? 1888?1901 Rarotonga / Cook Islands ⁹ 1889?1948 ??????? ⁹ 1892?1979 ????? ????? ? ???? ¹¹ 1893?1978 ??????? ????? ?????? ¹²	1900?1970 Tonga 1900?1974 Niue ⁹ 1901?1942 * Australia 1907?1947 * ??????? ????? ???? 1914?1962 Samoa 1919?1942 and 1945?1968 Nauru 1919?1949 ??? ??? ????? 1949?1975 ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ¹³

9. Now part of the * ????? ???? ????? ?
10. Suspended member.
11. Now ???????? and * ?????? ?
12. Now the * ????? ?????? ?
13. Now * ????? ??? ??? ?

? ? ? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????
Since 1658 ???? ????? ¹⁴ Since 1815 ????? ?????? ¹⁴ Since 1816 ?????? ?? ????? ¹⁴ Since 1833 ????? ??????? 1841?1933 ???????? ???????? ????? (transferred to the ???????? ) 1841?1947 ??? ?????? (transferred to the ????? ???? ????? ) Since 1908 ??????? ???????? ????? ¹⁵ Since 1908 ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ¹⁵
14. Since 2009 part of ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ; Ascension Island (1922?) and Tristan da Cunha (1938?) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)?

??? ???? ?? ≪ https://ur.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=?????_???????&oldid=6032523 ≫

???? ??? :

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