?? ????? ??????????

?? ????? ??????????
( ??????? ??? : Robert Oppenheimer )
??????? ?????
??????? ???	( ??????? ??? : Julius Robert Oppenheimer )
??????	22 ????? 1904? ; ??????? ??? ? ???????
????	18 ????? 1967? (63 ???) ; ??????? ??? ????
??? ????	???? ???
?????	??????? ??? ???? ; ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ; ????? ; ??????? ??? ; ????????? ; ??????
?????	????????? ????? ??????
???	???? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
????	??????? ?????????? (1 ????? 1940?18 ????? 1967)
?????	???? ?????????? ? ???? ??????????
???/?????	????? ??????????
?????
????????
	???? ???? ; 1943 ? 1945
????????
	???? ???? ; 1947 ? 1966
???? ?????
???? ????	?????? ????????? ; ?????? ???????? ; ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ; ???? ???? ; ????? ???? ; ????? ?????? ; ????? ??????
?????? ?????	??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ??
?????? ????	???? ????
?????	???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??? ????? ? ????? ?????
?????? ????	???? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ?????
????? ???	???? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????
????	??????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ? ??????? ???
????? ????	???????
???? ????? ????	??????? ? ???????? ? ???? ? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????
???? ???	???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????
??????	????? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????
??????? ??????	????? ??
???????
	???? ?? ??? (1958)
?????????
	???? ????? ????? ??????? (1955) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1951) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1946)
?????
	IMDB ?? ?????
	????? - ?????

?? ????? ?????????? ( ??????? : J. Robert Oppenheimer) (?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ; ????: / ? ? p ?n h a? m ?r / OP -?n-hy-m?r ; ????? 22, 1904 ? ????? 18, 1967) ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? " ???? ?? ?? ??? " ??? ???? ???

??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? 1925? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1927? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 1936? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ( ???? ???????? ) ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????-?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ( ????? ) ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???

1942U ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? 1943? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? 16 ?????? 1945? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1945? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? http://www.nndb.com/people/808/000047667/
^ ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 26 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ^? http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12365074z ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
^ ^? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v1266v ? ????: J. Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2216 ? ????: J. Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ?????? ????? ??? ??: https://www.discogs.com/artist/1943552 ? ????: Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/oppenheimer-julius-robert ? ????: Julius Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 28 ????? 2015 ? ????: ????????? ??????? ? ????? : Большая советская энциклопедия ? ????? ??? ? ???: Оппенгеймер Роберт
↑ https://a860-historicalvitalrecords.nyc.gov/view/1593063 ? ??? ??? ??????: 19 ????? 2022
↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 31 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
↑ https://www.nndb.com/people/808/000047667/
↑ ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 190-192
↑ ????? : Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, Vintage Books, 11 avril 2006, ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2 , p. 219-221
↑ ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 57-58
↑ ????? : Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, Vintage Books, 11 avril 2006, ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2 , p. 9-11
↑ ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 42
↑ ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 35-36
↑ Robert Oppenheimer
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/01/23/world/europe/ap-eu-britain-oppenheimer.html
↑ Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1904-1967 ? ??? ??? ??????: 24 ???? 2018 ? ???? ??? ??: 29 ???? 2012
↑ https://about.lanl.gov/history-innovation/ ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ???? 2023
↑ https://www.ias.edu/scholars/oppenheimer
↑ ????? : Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana ? ???: Suplemento 1967-1968 ? ????: 382 ? ISBN 978-84-239-4500-9
↑ https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=14001 ? ??? ??? ??????: 8 ???? 2016
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20140203030303/http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-puzzle-of-a-man ? ?? ??????? ??? ?? 3 ????? 2014
↑ ????? : Robert Oppenheimer ? ????: 116
↑ ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 88
↑ ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 387
↑ ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 102
↑ ????? : Robert Oppenheimer ? ????: 89
↑ ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/130335587
↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=6873

[d1da256579e679c044a0524a560195d44df5e0e5-1] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? http://www.nndb.com/people/808/000047667/

[274565d7568c32a4ecb6b04d940e94ee9bcb90b8-2] ? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 26 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[7a517ff7a3ea2988644a9b184c1d6336e921cb8d-3] ? ^? ^? http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12365074z ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[bdff722ea0c806b47961c06accc51dfbc8c72f11-4] ? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v1266v ? ????: J. Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[4200a4cd490069bdeb196bab43a3e3ef67240c76-5] ? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2216 ? ????: J. Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[a4bdba59b2505597860f88a65d1229bbbeb0fc24-6] ? ^? ?????? ????? ??? ??: https://www.discogs.com/artist/1943552 ? ????: Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[e803b1920865ce674309dde552a7b7bd07760037-7] Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/oppenheimer-julius-robert ? ????: Julius Robert Oppenheimer ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[332d162d365fc309135025684aa893bfe39caf21-8] ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[f3fc4ca2203f461c934e26e371904ccb3b7b55f9-9] ? ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 28 ????? 2015 ? ????: ????????? ??????? ? ????? : Большая советская энциклопедия ? ????? ??? ? ???: Оппенгеймер Роберт

[0df68cd9fbdc899f6aac4878252ed4b0fffdcb63-10] ttps://a860-historicalvitalrecords.nyc.gov/view/1593063 ? ??? ??? ??????: 19 ????? 2022

[82136f8a98a4982f31e232ee983777c369136231-11] ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118590146 ? ??? ??? ??????: 31 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[2a6094c4c4474d5ecb69c39b9e35d50df77c40d7-12] ttps://www.nndb.com/people/808/000047667/

[f5c24677739991eb2e68726b33d7ba33a3bd1ebe-13] ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 190-192

[38acd17030ee241d0c34eabfdd3c4ae7dcdf9dc7-14] ????? : Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, Vintage Books, 11 avril 2006, ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2 , p. 219-221

[4a13adbbd2cf8a9aaebdb46bb511d3b4d7e64131-15] ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 57-58

[bc63fc5ea3f0d5fb198d1c24b40f52e7bc6f64cc-16] ????? : Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer, Vintage Books, 11 avril 2006, ISBN 978-0-375-72626-2 , p. 9-11

[5d22be76212f3c6af379d6c2286f658905661e5d-17] ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 42

[35f189624ca2a7376cffce6f09a6107521c069ef-18] ????? : Michel Rival, Robert Oppenheimer, Flammarion, coll. ≪ Grandes Biographies ≫, juin 1995, ISBN 2-08-066799-8 , p. 35-36

[1eb20814aa6646e247321f873b17fa9cb556cee4-19] Robert Oppenheimer

[bbf6e9056ece2c1df0d1fb84dcaead42107f1187-20] ttp://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/01/23/world/europe/ap-eu-britain-oppenheimer.html

[e9426acd23bd18cc14a6be51c8d2131e36593ddb-21] Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1904-1967 ? ??? ??? ??????: 24 ???? 2018 ? ???? ??? ??: 29 ???? 2012

[b7cbf3dc15c60d184269ed135915cababaa0f894-22] ttps://about.lanl.gov/history-innovation/ ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ???? 2023

[1d1d4936d8c55edd2edb7858da11c69816fe670b-23] ttps://www.ias.edu/scholars/oppenheimer

[2de1840aeb0d26da4e40afc8b07b2a3bdf4af2e0-24] ????? : Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana ? ???: Suplemento 1967-1968 ? ????: 382 ? ISBN 978-84-239-4500-9

[7fb8a2273d9645acb16809062ac8b50a38e805bf-25] ttps://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=14001 ? ??? ??? ??????: 8 ???? 2016

[0400cbea45920ce0a433f57480418bddaaf4faa4-26] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20140203030303/http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/a-puzzle-of-a-man ? ?? ??????? ??? ?? 3 ????? 2014

[8bc677c29de5846af6be7dafd2a5acbf979e1471-27] ????? : Robert Oppenheimer ? ????: 116

[eb15a169d03065bc4dbda0195506a132a8555919-28] ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 88

[e3c4b51691c91f23df3630c91d5addf8f5fed6f4-29] ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 387

[0d3d33f9006b232269b2a1a229d6ff19560dba68-30] ????? : American Prometheus ? ????: 102

[3503a24b5d461ee64551cd07f7c8ef95a2be9014-31] ????? : Robert Oppenheimer ? ????: 89

[941270023773ed0c2e9217b0501b88bd4f455422-32] ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/130335587

[cf13b1c52755d61ebedc211c4dd8ead53a0b836e-33] ttp://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=6873

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