????? ???? ?????

????? ???? ?????
??????? ?????
??????	21 ?????? 1917? ; ?????? ???? ??
????	2 ????? 2019? (102 ???) ; ???? ?? ???? ? ?????
?????	???????? ; ???????
???? ?????
????	???? ???? ? ????
???? ????? ????	???????
????? ?????
???	??????? ??? ? ??????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???
????	????
??????? ??? ?????	????? ??? ????
???????
	???? ??????? ; ?? ??? ?? ; ???? ?????? ; ??? ?? ??
	????? - ?????

????? ???? ???? ????? ( ??????? : Geoffrey Douglas Langlands) (??????: 21 ?????? 1917? ? ????: 2 ????? 2019? ) ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????

??????? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 21 ?????? 1917? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ^[2] ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? 1918? ??? ????? ?? ???? 1918? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ^[3]???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? 1927? ?? 1928? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ???? 24 ????? 1928? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ^[4] ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ^[5] ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ^[6]^[7]^[8]

???? ???? [ ????? ]

18 ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? 1935? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 1936? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ^[9]

????? ??? ???? ??? ???? [ ????? ]

????? 1939? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ^[10] ??? 1942? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? 1944? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? 3 ????? 1944? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ^[11]

????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ??? 1947? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ^[12]^[13] ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? 60 ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? 25 ??? ????? ???? ????? 1979? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? 1979? ?? ????? 1989? ?? ???? ????

???? [ ????? ]

????? 101 ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? 2 ????? 2019? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ^[14]^[15]

???? ?????? [ ????? ]

?????? ????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/obituaries/geoffrey-langlands-dead.html ? ????? : Geoffrey Langlands, Lauded British Educator in Pakistan, Dies at 101 ? ???? ??? ??: ??? ???? ?????
↑ "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019
↑ "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019
↑ "??????? ????" ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019
↑ "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019
↑ Aroosa Shaukat (22 ????? 2013)? "Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy" ? ?? ???????? ??????? ? Pakistan? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ Saira Agha (9 ????? 2014)? "Third World Solidarity to honour Major Langlands, hold press conference" ? Daily Times ? Pakistan? Agence France-Presse ? 9 ????? 2014 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ Sonali Raha (25 ????? 2003)? "Bound by duty" ? ??? ???? ? ???? ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ Sonali Raha (25 ????? 2003)? "Bound by duty" ? ??? ???? ? ???? ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ Aroosa Shaukat (22 ????? 2013)? "Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy" ? ?? ???????? ??????? ? Pakistan? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ The London Gazette : no. 36821. p. . 1 ????? 1944.
↑ Neil Tweedie (30 ???? 2013)? "Goodbye to Major Geoffrey Langlands of the Hindu Kush" ? The Telegraph ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ Rob Crilly (20 ?????? 2010)? "Former major, 93, honoured for 60 years teaching in tribal Pakistan" ? The Telegraph? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014
↑ https://www.dawn.com/news/1455053
↑ https://www.dawn.com/news/1455154/maj-geoffrey-langlands-passes-away

[fdeb1ca0ba0bdb7153b38f02f3d673f8c4140420-1] ? ^? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/obituaries/geoffrey-langlands-dead.html ? ????? : Geoffrey Langlands, Lauded British Educator in Pakistan, Dies at 101 ? ???? ??? ??: ??? ???? ?????

[Aaj-2] "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019

[Aaj2-3] "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019

[4] "??????? ????" ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019

[Aaj3-5] "Campaigner of education: Major Geoffrey of the Hindu Kush retires from school" ? Aaj News? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 03 ????? 2019

[Shaukat-6] Aroosa Shaukat (22 ????? 2013)? "Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy" ? ?? ???????? ??????? ? Pakistan? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[7] Saira Agha (9 ????? 2014)? "Third World Solidarity to honour Major Langlands, hold press conference" ? Daily Times ? Pakistan? Agence France-Presse ? 9 ????? 2014 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[Raha-8] Sonali Raha (25 ????? 2003)? "Bound by duty" ? ??? ???? ? ???? ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[Raha2-9] Sonali Raha (25 ????? 2003)? "Bound by duty" ? ??? ???? ? ???? ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[Shaukat2-10] Aroosa Shaukat (22 ????? 2013)? "Major Langlands: The blue-eyed boy" ? ?? ???????? ??????? ? Pakistan? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[11] The London Gazette : no. 36821. p. . 1 ????? 1944.

[Tweedie-12] Neil Tweedie (30 ???? 2013)? "Goodbye to Major Geoffrey Langlands of the Hindu Kush" ? The Telegraph ? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[Crilly-13] Rob Crilly (20 ?????? 2010)? "Former major, 93, honoured for 60 years teaching in tribal Pakistan" ? The Telegraph? 06 ????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 29 ????? 2014

[14] ttps://www.dawn.com/news/1455053

[15] ttps://www.dawn.com/news/1455154/maj-geoffrey-langlands-passes-away

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]