???? ???? ??????

???? ???? ??????
( ???? ??? : ?????? ???? ?????? )
?????
???? ?????
	???? ???? ; 5 ??????? 1965 ? 8 ????? 1969
	??? ?????
???? ????
???? ???? ????
	???? ???? ; 28 ????? 2011 ? 24 ????? 2011
	???? ???????
????? ?????
??? ????
	???? ???? ; 31 ????? 2014 ? 25 ??????? 2019
	???? ????????
???? ??????
??????? ?????
??????	29 ????? 1926? ; ???? ?? ????
????	25 ??????? 2019? (93 ???)
??? ????	???? ?? ?????
?????	???????? ??? ????? ???? (?20 ???? 1956) ; ???? (20 ???? 1956?)
????	?????
?????	??? ???? (2012?2019) ; ????? ????????? ???? (1988?1994) ; ???? ????? ??? (2011?2012)
???? ?????
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????	????? ??? ? ???? ? ????? ???
???? ????? ????	???? ? ????????
???????
	???? ??? ?????? ?????? (2019)
?????
	????? - ?????

???? ???? ???? ?????? (29 ????? 1926? ^[9] ? 25 ?????? 2019?) ^[10] ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? 2014? ?? 2019? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? 2011? ?? ????? 2011? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ^[11]^[12] ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????

????? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 1941? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 2011? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 2011? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ^[13] ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? 2011? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ^[10]^[14] ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ^[14]

????? ?? ????? 2019? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? 2019? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ^[15]

???? [ ????? ]

25 ?????? 2019? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ^[10] ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ^[16] ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ^[17] ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ^[18]

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? Tunisie : le president Essebsi, symbole des ambivalences de la revolution, est mort
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/essebsi-beji-caid ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ?? ??? ??? - ??? ??: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17153632b ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? : ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
↑ Roglo person ID: https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=7929&url_prefix=https://roglo.eu/roglo?&id=p=beji;n=caid+essebsi ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi
^ ^? ^? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000016348 ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ object stated in reference as: 1926
↑ https://www.babnet.net/rttdetail-55870.asp
↑ https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/562285/SAUDI-ARABIA/King-Salman-Tunisian-president-hold-talks-oversee-signing-of-two-deals-confer-medals
↑ Sayed Mohamed Mahdi al Tajir, The International Who's Who of the Arab World (1978), page 137.
^ ^? ^? ^? "Tunisia's first freely elected president dies" ? BBC? 25 ?????? 2019 ? ??? ??? ?????? 25 ?????? 2019
↑ "Tunisian PM Mohammed Ghannouchi resigns over protests" ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? 27 ????? 2011.
↑ Tarek Amara, "Tunisian prime minister resigns amid protests", Reuters, 27 Feb 2011. "Archived copy" ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 19 ????? 2012 ? ??? ??? ?????? 27 ????? 2011
↑ Francesco Guidi (1 ???? 2011)? "Tunisian Prime Minister Mohammed Gannouchi resigns" ? About Oil? 19 ?????? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 13 ????? 2014
^ ^? ^? "President Essebsi, a lifetime in Tunisia politics" ? Euronews ? 22 ????? 2014? 22 ????? 2014 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 22 ????? 2014
↑ "Tunisia's 92-year-old president will not seek re-election" ? BBC ? ??? ??? ?????? 6 ????? 2019
↑ "Tunisia's aging president hospitalized with serious illness" ? Richmond Times-Dispatch? 27 ??? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 26 ??????? 2019
↑ "??????? ????" ? 28 ??????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 28 ??????? 2019
↑ "Health of Tunisian president improves significantly, he calls defense minister" ? Reuters? 28 June 2019 ? ??? ??? ?????? 25 ??????? 2019

[0637fc0b29c5289d60f1451325bcd4380f6a9048-1] ? ^? ^? Tunisie : le president Essebsi, symbole des ambivalences de la revolution, est mort

[e8fe40eaafde265c0cb76e1a7e9aa124da1be2ec-2] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/essebsi-beji-caid ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[b3a1b13e51680f189d8c66ab413965bdbf6e4531-3] ? ^? ?? ??? ??? - ??? ??: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17153632b ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? : ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[605efb23bf5d62417cecceb486651b0620408006-4] Roglo person ID: https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=7929&url_prefix=https://roglo.eu/roglo?&id=p=beji;n=caid+essebsi ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi

[df59e96e2d376368d064f22c91edf51d2a0787ee-5] ? ^? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000016348 ? ????: Beji Caid Essebsi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[b98b84540da60ea696f7c7f4bb0abfcc662690ea-6] t stated in reference as: 1926

[ee2fdcfe0e1025e16e034e057002f3ffbe687377-7] ttps://www.babnet.net/rttdetail-55870.asp

[b08af4b35aba5aae2fe273e7230b96b7506f6c52-8] ttps://saudigazette.com.sa/article/562285/SAUDI-ARABIA/King-Salman-Tunisian-president-hold-talks-oversee-signing-of-two-deals-confer-medals

[9] Sayed Mohamed Mahdi al Tajir, The International Who's Who of the Arab World (1978), page 137.

[:0-10] ? ^? ^? "Tunisia's first freely elected president dies" ? BBC? 25 ?????? 2019 ? ??? ??? ?????? 25 ?????? 2019

[11] "Tunisian PM Mohammed Ghannouchi resigns over protests" ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? 27 ????? 2011.

[12] Tarek Amara, "Tunisian prime minister resigns amid protests", Reuters, 27 Feb 2011. "Archived copy" ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 19 ????? 2012 ? ??? ??? ?????? 27 ????? 2011

[13] Francesco Guidi (1 ???? 2011)? "Tunisian Prime Minister Mohammed Gannouchi resigns" ? About Oil? 19 ?????? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 13 ????? 2014

[Euronews_Dec._22-14] ? ^? "President Essebsi, a lifetime in Tunisia politics" ? Euronews ? 22 ????? 2014? 22 ????? 2014 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 22 ????? 2014

[15] "Tunisia's 92-year-old president will not seek re-election" ? BBC ? ??? ??? ?????? 6 ????? 2019

[16] "Tunisia's aging president hospitalized with serious illness" ? Richmond Times-Dispatch? 27 ??? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 26 ??????? 2019

[17] "??????? ????" ? 28 ??????? 2019 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 28 ??????? 2019

[:1-18] "Health of Tunisian president improves significantly, he calls defense minister" ? Reuters? 28 June 2019 ? ??? ??? ?????? 25 ??????? 2019

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? ? ? ?????? ????? ????
???? ?? ?? (??? ????)	al-Tabi Khoja al-Taba'a Mustapha Khaznadar Pacha Mohammed Khaznadar Ben Ismail Mohammed Khaznadar Bouattour M. Djellouli Djait T. Djellouli
???? ?? ?? (???? ????)	Dinguizli Bouhageb Lakhoua Chenik S. Baccouche Kaak Chenik S. Baccouche M. S. Mzali Dupoizat Ben Ammar
????? ???? (???? ????)	?? ???? ???? ???????
???? (???? ????)	Ladgham Nouira M. Mzali Sfar ??? ???????? ?? ??? H. Baccouche Karoui Ghannouchi ???? ???? ??????
???? (?????? ?????)	Jebali Laarayedh Jomaa Essid ???? ????