???? ?????????

???? ?????????
( ??????? ??? : Ella Fitzgerald )
??????? ?????
??????? ???	( ??????? ??? : Ella Jane Fitzgerald )
??????	25 ????? 1917? ; ??????? ????? ???????
????	15 ??? 1996? (79 ???) ; ?????? ???? ??????????
??? ????	????
??? ????	???? ???
?????	????????? ????? ??????
???	?????? ??????
?????	????? ?? ; ???????
???? ????	?? ????? (10 ????? 1947?28 ???? 1953)
???? ?????
????	??? ???? - ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ? ?????? ? ???? ???? ? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????
????? ????	???????
???? ????? ????	?????? ??????? ? ???????
???? ???	???????
???????
	????? ????? ??? ?? ??? (1995) ; ?????? ????? ????? (1979) ; ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? (1967) ; ???? ???? ? ???? (?????) ; ???? ???? ? ???? (?????) ; ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ; ?????? ???? ?????
??? ????
??? ????	??????? ??? ????
	IMDB ?? ????
	????? - ?????

???? ??? ????????? ( ??????? : Ella Jane Fitzgerald) (25 ?????? 1917? - 15 ???? 1996?) ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? "???? ???? ?? ????"? "????? ?? ???" ??? "???? ????" ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? "???? ???" ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????

??????? ????? [ ????? ]

???? ????????? 25 ????? 1917? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ^[15] ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? "?????" ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? 1920? ?? ???? ????? ??? "?????" ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ^[16] ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ^[17] ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 1920? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ^[16] ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ^[16] ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? 1923? ??? ???? ????? ^[18] 1925? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ^[19] ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1929? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ^[18]

????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ^[20] ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ^[20] ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ^[21]

???? ?????? [ ????? ]

??? ???????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118691554 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1328 ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vd74wp ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ?????? ????? ??? ??: https://www.discogs.com/artist/31615 ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? FemBio ID: https://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/frauendatenbank?fem_id=9863 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/fitzgerald-ella ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ?? ??? ??? - ??? ??: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893960w ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? : ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
^ ^? ^? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.digitalarchivioricordi.com/it/people/display/997 ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2020
↑ ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.digitalarchivioricordi.com/it/people/display/997
↑ http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893960w ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
↑ ????? : Notable Black American Women
↑ https://cs.isabart.org/person/78906 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021
↑ ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/12040803
↑ https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/ella-fitzgerald/
↑ "Biography" ? Ella Fitzgerald? ???? 11, 2015 ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? 21, 2018
^ ^? ^? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 4.
↑ Matthew Whitaker (2011)? Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries ? v. 1 ? Santa Barbara, CA, US: Greenwood? ????: 302? ISBN 978-0-313-37643-6 ? OCLC 781709336
^ ^? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 5.
↑ Nicholson 1996 , p. 7, 13.
^ ^? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 6.
↑ Nicholson 1996 , p. 7.

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

	??? ????? ???? ?????
	??? ????? ????
	??? ??????

????? ??? ???? ? official site
Ella Fitzgerald recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings
??????? ???? ??????? (IMDb) ?? ???? ?????????
???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? (Internet Broadway Database) ??
???? ????????? ????? ???? ???
Ella Fitzgerald at the ??? ???? ???????
"Remembering Ella" by Phillip D. Atteberry (originally published in The Mississippi Rag , April 1996)
Listen to Big Band Serenade podcast, episode 6 Includes complete NBC remote broadcast of "Ella Fitzgerald & her Orchestra" from the Roseland Ballroom ( or download )
Ella Fitzgerald at the Institute of Jazz Studies , Rutgers University
Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things (documentary) ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? pbs.org (Error: unknown archive URL)

[abc9457dcf728dd069b8ed5b2e1a86035cf2b679-1] ? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118691554 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[08bed7b6ae98f021ad22d1cb96d741058195962f-2] ? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1328 ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[659a5b35c6d50843842cb967bdeaeb6e0e2dadc7-3] ? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vd74wp ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[931b30bb142cae87ca4a14459384ea3d39be0c3a-4] ? ^? ?????? ????? ??? ??: https://www.discogs.com/artist/31615 ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[5cd26fc70e0eb8f47950a29c233889571f9dfe73-5] ? ^? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? FemBio ID: https://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/frauendatenbank?fem_id=9863 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[2663bc1e25d59073daea75832933077b553c72c2-6] ? ^? Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/fitzgerald-ella ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[993412a0ac0404f779e84a762271ee2e0202ee15-7] ?? ??? ??? - ??? ??: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893960w ? ????: Ella Fitzgerald ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? : ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[a8b3927c4ffe173d441d5ccef4bafa0c74cee350-8] ? ^? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.digitalarchivioricordi.com/it/people/display/997 ? ??? ??? ??????: 3 ????? 2020

[927bb92ebe6a420ef61acac6243c6375d572e100-9] ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.digitalarchivioricordi.com/it/people/display/997

[9d9e4a18a7b2455c673cdb395d88d2505e2aec36-10] ttp://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893960w ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[62b43279dc6d9a15f50b5dc80570f2e93a25a87f-11] ????? : Notable Black American Women

[358ceee91c9de8c256c26a16d78072102cddc9aa-12] ttps://cs.isabart.org/person/78906 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021

[280b67ecf3a0b7636ec51676ced38bc5d1450042-13] ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/12040803

[3dd83fb37c85e3e845d308e7ed3717460b542da6-14] ttps://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/ella-fitzgerald/

[15] "Biography" ? Ella Fitzgerald? ???? 11, 2015 ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? 21, 2018

[FOOTNOTENicholson19964-16] ? ^? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 4.

[Whitaker_2011_p._302-17] Matthew Whitaker (2011)? Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries ? v. 1 ? Santa Barbara, CA, US: Greenwood? ????: 302? ISBN 978-0-313-37643-6 ? OCLC 781709336

[FOOTNOTENicholson19965-18] ? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 5.

[FOOTNOTENicholson19967,_13-19] Nicholson 1996 , p. 7, 13.

[FOOTNOTENicholson19966-20] ? ^? Nicholson 1996 , p. 6.

[FOOTNOTENicholson19967-21] Nicholson 1996 , p. 7.

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