?????

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( ????? ?????? ??? : Oslo ) ( ????? ?????? ??? : Christiania ) ( ????? ?????? ??? : Kristiania ) ( ????? ?????? ??? : Oslo ) ( Northern Sami (Norway) ??? : Oslove )
????? ????	????? ????
????? ?????	1048
	; ????
??????? ?????
???	????? (7 ??? 1905?) ; ????? ? ????? ????? (4 ????? 1814?6 ??? 1905) ; ????? ????? (14 ????? 1814?3 ????? 1814) ; ??????-????? (?13 ????? 1814)
??? ??????? ?????	????? ; ??????
????????? ???????
????????	59°56′58″N 10°45′23″E / 59.94944°N 10.75639°E
????
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????? ???	???? ???? ; ??????? (2001?) ; ???? ???? ; ?????? ; ??????-???????? ; ??????? ; ?? ???? ; ????? (????? 1991?) ; ??????? ; ????? ; ???? ????? ??? (1995?) ; ?????? ; ????? ????? ??? ; ???? ; ???????? ??????? ; ??????? ??? ; ??????? ?? ?? ; ?????? ; ??? ; ???????? ; ??? (19 ???? 2022?)
?????	?????? ????? ???+01:00 ? ????? ????? ???
???? ???	0001?1299
???? 3166-2	NO-03
???? ???
??????? ??? ????	??????? ??? ????
??? ???	3143244
	????? - ?????

????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???

???? ???? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ?? ???
?????????? ???? ??????????? ???
?????? ????? ???????
???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????
??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

↑ Byhistoriker: - Kristiania med K er skivebom ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ???? 2020 ? ???? ??? ??: 12 ????? 2009
↑ archINFORM location ID: https://www.archinform.net/ort/1329.htm ? ??? ??? ??????: 6 ???? 2018
↑ "???? ????? ?? GeoNames ID" ? GeoNames ID ? ??? ??? ?????? 8 ??? 2024?
↑ "???? ????? ?? ????? ?????." ? MusicBrainz area ID ? ??? ??? ?????? 8 ??? 2024?
↑ http://www.ivilnius.lt/pazink/apie-vilniu/miestai-partneriai
↑ https://vilnius.lt/lt/tarptautinis-bendradarbiavimas/
↑ https://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/
↑ https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/vitaliy_klichko_z_merami_8_yevropeyskikh_mist_vidkriv_art-obyekt_na_arsenalniy_takozh_kiv_pidpisav_ugodi_pro_pobratimstvo_sche_z_troma_yevropeyskimi_mistami_foto/
↑ https://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

Municipal fact sheet ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? ssb.no (Error: unknown archive URL) from Statistics Norway
City of Oslo: Official website
Official Travel and Visitors Guide to Oslo
Traveller - A short clip about Oslo ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? tv-traveller.com (Error: unknown archive URL)
Pawel-l Picture gallery ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? norway_oslo.fm.interia.pl (Error: unknown archive URL)

?????:????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???

[f250525cd34cface3210c01fd8ca9cb358123e57-1] Byhistoriker: - Kristiania med K er skivebom ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ???? 2020 ? ???? ??? ??: 12 ????? 2009

[c81465dba0d3c13eb5fd9c0c8d1b051d9b2a76de-2] rchINFORM location ID: https://www.archinform.net/ort/1329.htm ? ??? ??? ??????: 6 ???? 2018

[GeoNames_ID-3] "???? ????? ?? GeoNames ID" ? GeoNames ID ? ??? ??? ?????? 8 ??? 2024?

[MusicBrainz_area_ID-4] "???? ????? ?? ????? ?????." ? MusicBrainz area ID ? ??? ??? ?????? 8 ??? 2024?

[a5f7dfcb6a396bd3d18a21ac54397458bf68ad3f-5] ttp://www.ivilnius.lt/pazink/apie-vilniu/miestai-partneriai

[adfdc18418b2ba28be56dc357c135aebbe52a9bd-6] ttps://vilnius.lt/lt/tarptautinis-bendradarbiavimas/

[80263ad097e75688a26f01016781529259bbe806-7] ttps://kvs.gov.spb.ru/en/agreements/

[9bfab7d3b0f9c7f4987ed32f7746b0f3ac55345a-8] ttps://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/vitaliy_klichko_z_merami_8_yevropeyskikh_mist_vidkriv_art-obyekt_na_arsenalniy_takozh_kiv_pidpisav_ugodi_pro_pobratimstvo_sche_z_troma_yevropeyskimi_mistami_foto/

[f15514e0cdc7e8a52608a529c63106c831f62b99-9] ttps://kyivcity.gov.ua/kyiv_ta_miska_vlada/pro_kyiv/mista-pobratimi_z_yakimi_kiyevom_pidpisani_dokumenti_pro_poridnennya_druzhbu_spivrobitnitstvo_partnerstvo/

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