??????? ????????

??????? ????????
( ?????? ??? : Riccardo Giacconi )?
??????? ?????
??????	6 ?????? 1931? ; ?????
????	9 ????? 2018? (87 ???) ; ??? ????
?????	????????? ????? ??????
?????	?????? (18 ??? 1946?9 ????? 2018) ; ????????? ????? ?????? ; ????? ?????? (6 ?????? 1931?18 ??? 1946)
???	???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ???????
???? ?????
????_?????	Johns Hopkins University ; Chandra X-ray Observatory
???? ????	????????? ?? ????? (?1954)
?????? ?????	?????
?????? ????
?????? ????
????	???? ?????? ? ? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????
???? ????? ????	?????? ? ? ???????
???? ???	???? ??????? ? ? ??????? ? ? ?????? ? ? ????? ???
??????	????? ???? ?????? ? ? ?????? ?????????
???????
	???? ???? ????? ????? (2003) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (2002) ; ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1987) ; ??? ????? ???????? ; ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?
	????? - ?????

??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? 2002 ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????

???? ?????? ?????

???? ????? ????? ???????

????? ??? ?????

↑ ????: https://d-nb.info/gnd/128167173 ? ? ??? ??? ??????: 27 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
↑ ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62r3v1z ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Riccardo-Giacconi ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ??????: Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/giacconi-riccardo ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ Hrvatska enciklopedija ID: https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=69455 ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??????: Hrvatska enciklopedija ? ISBN 978-953-6036-31-8
^ ^? ^? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000024271 ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ????: https://d-nb.info/gnd/128167173 ? ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
↑ http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Riccardo_Giacconi_1931_2018
↑ https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/xv8bdb4g0xgr83n ? ??? ??? ??????: 24 ???? 2018 ? ???? ??? ??: 6 ??????? 2004
↑ ????: ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??
↑ ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 17 ????? 2022
↑ https://cs.isabart.org/person/106639 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021
↑ http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278161n ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
↑ ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ???? 2022
↑ ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/34911331
↑ ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 7 ????? 2022
↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2002/
↑ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/

[e3f7e60fd57a19a620f403bcf0bc3c7519ed92fc-1] ????: https://d-nb.info/gnd/128167173 ? ? ??? ??? ??????: 27 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[7defadf9f10e2cfb11ed5a0308ab7081346ddbed-2] ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62r3v1z ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[e874d9b49bc8e9cf9b3ecdd5fe666536964e6b31-3] ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Riccardo-Giacconi ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017 ? ??????: Encyclopædia Britannica

[617ea5e1f0101ba9387efbac91630d4beb8d462d-4] Brockhaus Enzyklopadie online ID: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/giacconi-riccardo ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[adf95905ea0a8ab906401f928c617b10657fe552-5] Hrvatska enciklopedija ID: https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=69455 ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??????: Hrvatska enciklopedija ? ISBN 978-953-6036-31-8

[fe58ed3b0d5392189c27cb42112627c62be1711b-6] ? ^? Munzinger person ID: https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000024271 ? ????: Riccardo Giacconi ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[332d162d365fc309135025684aa893bfe39caf21-7] ????: https://d-nb.info/gnd/128167173 ? ? ??? ??? ??????: 11 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[7f673281e353abb26774bb583d4aba94ad0ff534-8] ttp://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Riccardo_Giacconi_1931_2018

[7c262bdfec65689fbfee2ece0a364c87faf46532-9] ttps://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/xv8bdb4g0xgr83n ? ??? ??? ??????: 24 ???? 2018 ? ???? ??? ??: 6 ??????? 2004

[757e4753c6072dfb329049414d9ad07e4b153b5d-10] ????: ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??

[0652c878a24a8df94a87c340a9ad78e903a33945-11] ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 17 ????? 2022

[d8e8933f3a888d9278ff99eb14916d780c9a8dd6-12] ttps://cs.isabart.org/person/106639 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021

[9b4fc72c4fa4bb8afa72a4e951a228b7e965901b-13] ttp://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278161n ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[1f8fcebe2915c3705d1df546cef5a134514690d5-14] ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ???? 2022

[a70ff0fe0d4b27b0be16db79a3a21b8d6752e535-15] ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/34911331

[4dcf39f67308604305ea0c319e9f4c8e10867cd9-16] ??? ?? ?? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????: https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016915100 ? ??? ??? ??????: 7 ????? 2022

[f5915a98631dfb003034fe4d64bd87d3383e0f97-17] ttp://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2002/

[2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb-18] ttps://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

??????? ????????
( ?????? ??? : Riccardo Giacconi )?


??????? ?????
??????	6 ?????? 1931? ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] ????? ^[7]
????	9 ????? 2018? (87 ???) ^[8]^[6] ??? ????
?????	????????? ????? ??????
?????	?????? (18 ??? 1946?9 ????? 2018) ????????? ????? ?????? ^[9] ????? ?????? (6 ?????? 1931?18 ??? 1946)
???	???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ^[10]
???? ?????
????_?????	Johns Hopkins University Chandra X-ray Observatory
???? ????	????????? ?? ????? (?1954)
?????? ?????	?????
?????? ????
?????? ????
????	???? ?????? ^[11]? ? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ^[12]
???? ????? ????	?????? ^[13]^[14]^[15]? ? ??????? ^[14]^[15]
???? ???	???? ??????? ^[16]? ? ??????? ? ? ?????? ^[16]? ? ????? ??? ^[16]
??????	????? ???? ?????? ? ? ?????? ?????????
???????
???? ???? ????? ????? (2003) ???? ????? ????? ??????? (2002) ^[17]^[18] ???? ????? ????? ??????? (1987) ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?


????? - ?????