Universal Pictures
, 30 Nisan 1912'de Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane ve Jules Brulatour tarafından kurulan bir film studyosudur.
Universal Studios'un giri?i
- Bruck, Connie.
When Hollywood Had a King
. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
- Drinkwater, John.
The Life and Adventures of Carl Laemmle
. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1931, illustrated.
- Forest Lawn Hollywood Hills
- map
Providencial and Water Development
- Los Angeles Library Photo Collection "Bird-Eye View of Universal City" 1911
- Los Angeles Library Photo Collection "Nestor Studios" .
- Mordden, Ethan.
The Hollywood Studios
. New York: Fireside, 1989.
- McDougal, Dennis.
The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA and the Hidden History of Hollywood
. New York: Crown Publishers, 1998.
- Schatz, Thomas.
The Genius of the System
. New York: Pantheon Books, 1989.
- Sklar, Robert.
Movie-Made America
. New York: Vintage, 1994.