?o?rafij? tarix ? bard? by? ekspedision ij?n ?o-?o s?jjohon t?r?f?d? b? ?imon d?vonij? by? ?o?rafi k??fon b?c?m? elmi v?om?d? n?z?ri ij?n praktiki umumi kard? barde gorn? lozim by? dy?d? h??ym?d? material gyrd? karde imkon dod?.

Dy?d? ?o?r?fi k??fon ?sas? m?gs?dy? sagylon s?joh?ton n?ti??d? dynjo fiziki x?rit? myosir vindejon b?m?l ome s?b?b by?. C?m? z?mon?d? dynjo x?rit? “sipij? l?kon” vote b?be mand?ni. Ys?t ?o?r?fi k??fon m?gs?d to?? ?o?rafi ganunon ij?n ganun?uj?un?ti o?ko kardeje. ?ygo ?o?rafi k??fon elmi funtament?l sah? aid kard? bed?. ?von z?mini hy?k? k?f??ni ij?n dynjo okeani bitov k??f karde ?imoni ?h?mijj?t k?sb karded?. Z?mini k?f karde imin?i novb?t? t?bi?ti myxtylif tipon gar?ylygli t?sir mexanimzmi, insonon mu?jj?n tarixi zynejon, t?s?rrufati ?lo??ti formon ij?n ?o. Zyne t?l?b kardejd?. N?z?ri k??fon ij?n c?j t?dbig nyby? ?o?rafij? ni?on do? by? myr?kk?b mexanizmi ij?n c?j idar? karde ?sos doj ?zyni.

He?o ?ygo, ?o?rafi k??fon muasit taryx, ?o?rafij? tarixi o?ko nez bed?, lokin b?j bitov nez bed?ni. ?ygo ki, ?o?rafij? tarixi f?ls?f?, n?z?ri ?o?rafij? ij?n b? ?o n?z?ri elmon nez bed?, tik?n vej metedolo?i elm pegarded?. Z?moni t?l?b ej b? ?o elmon integrasij? zumand kard?.Lokin dymi ivr?d? ?o?rafij? tarixi y?t?ni ink?of m?ntigi ij?n ganun?uj?un?ti malike.

?o?rafi k??fon tarix tike vej ?imoni praktiki ?ks karded?. Dy?d? ?o?rafi k??fon-15-17-n? ?sron dovr?d? ?o?rafij? elmon “?ahy?” be v? bo ??mijj?ti dy?d? praktik? ?h?mijj?r kyrned?be. Pe?o ?v b? dumo? pylan ova?te, lokin ys? in?n elmon v? ova?t?. Ys?t ?ygo gyle z?mon om? ki, cy ?imoni praktiki t?lobat b? ?o?rafij? ink?afi zumand? ??raity? by?. Dynjo okeani, atmosferi, biosferi, global ekolo?i problemon, bino be, itehsal ij?n xidm?ton k?f??n sistemon ny?yli?d? omute ?ygo t?lob?tond?je.

?o?rafi k??fon tarixonku f?rgli ?o?rafij? tarix ?imoni t?l?bati oz?k? t?min karded?.gyle elm kimi ?o?rafij? tarix ve myr?kk?be, ?v elmon bitov ink?ofiku, kadron hazzo s?vij?ku, n?z?ri idejon b?m?l ij?n o?ko beku b?hs kardejd?.

Tarixi fakton ij?n hadison y?t?n?d? ?ks kard? ?o?rafij? tarixi kursi navad??? v?zifon ?inton?d? by?jond? ibar?te.

? ?o?rafi zyn?jon ??mijj?ti ?imon f?alijj?ti arad? gar?ylyrli ?lo?? ink?ofi tarixi dumj?ndyn?ti ni?obyd?j.

? ?o?rafi idejon, prinsipon, ganun?uj?un?tion ij?n b?s?d??ejon b?m?l ij?n ink?ofi tarixi dumj?ndy?ti ni?odoje.

Myosir dovr?d? ?o?rafi zynejon ??mijj?ti praktiki ?imond?d istifad? karde istigam?ton nu?odoe ij?n ym k?f??n?d? mov?ud by? dy?d? problemon gejd karde.

?o?rafij? tarix?d? gyrd? kard?by? zynejon b???rijj?ti ym ru?i ij?n bo nafkon? dy?d? fojd? doe b?zne.M?s?l?n tarix?d? m?lume ki, Kaspi ?o vyron?d? ovi ?i?d? da h?zo hektarad? ?kinon, agy?tion, ron ij?n dion ?o?rafij? b? do?je tarixi zynejon ?hali arad? z?if o?ko ij?n bigon?ti n?ti??je.

H?l lap ??dim?d? Cin?d? m?hsuldar ?yvvon ij?n elmi inki?of kompasi ixtyra s?b?b be, ym ixtra is? y?t? nub?d? ?o?rafi zyn?jon ij?n k??fon oz?k?be zumand t?kany? do?e.

?o?rafij? tarix ym elmi b? dovron ?o karde t?l?b karded?. ?o?rafij? ?inton? dovron ?o bed?ː

1. ??dim dynjo ?o?rafij? tov? 5-n? ?sri ?hot? karded?. Yn dovr?d? ink?of kard? Ara dyjo m?d?nijj?ti antik ?o?rafi k??fon zumand t?kan dojd?, oz?k k?f??non ?o?rafi x?riton t?rtib bed?.??dim x?l?on imin? ?o?rafi t?s?vvuron ij?n s?joh?ton h?x?t? m?lumat dojd?n. Antik ?o?rafij??ynosond? Eretosfen , Aristotel , Ptolomej, Strabon ij?n ?o k?son. Klassik ?s?ron ?o?rafij? tarix?d? vyr? ni?on dojd?.
2. Mijon? ?sr ?o?rafij? tarixi (5-15) ivr?d? i?mal, xirist?n dynjo?d? t?bi?ti dair myt?rr?gi ij?n myrt??e di?kardejon mybariz?, ?r?b ?o?rafij? ij?n kartegyrafij?, Ibn-B?tuti, Marko Polo ij?n ?ok?son s?joh?ton ?ks karded?. Dets? ys?t ?r?bon ?o?rafij? t?rkib?d? do? by? b?n? ?l-Xar?zmi, ?l-Biruni, N?sr?ddin Tusi, Mahmud Ka?gari ij?n ?o k?son alimon astronomij?, rijozi ?o?rafij?, x?rit??ynos?ti ?ysmi ?ikil?d? do? by?.
3. To?? dovr ?o?rafij? (15-19) Dy?d? ?o?rafi k??fon manifaktur? per?se (16-n? ?sri mijon? 17-n? ?sri dets? mijon?) taryxi ?hot? kardejd?. Yn dovr cy ?o?rafij? tel? dovr hisob bed?.
4. Myosir dovr ?o?rafij? Arktik? ij?n Antarktid?, Dynjo okeani ij?n kosmos?d? Z?mini omute, muxt?lif ?o?rafij? elmi m?kt?bon b? ?m?l om?jn, ?trof muhiti muhafiz? ij?n b?rpo ij?n ?o k?f??non ?hot? karded?.