?????????????

????????? ????? ????????????? ( ?????? : transition metal ) ??????????????????? 3 ???:

?????????? IUPAC ^[1] ???????? ????????????????? " ???? ???????????????????????????????????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????? ?? ?????????????"
???????????????????????? "?????????????" ????????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????-?? ???????????????????????????? 3 ??? 12 ^[2]^[3] ????????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????-??? ?????????????????????? ????????????????? "??????????????????"
Cotton ??? Wilkinson ^[4] ????????????????? IUPAC (????????) ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 4 ??? 11 ??????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? 3 ????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 3 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

Charles Rugeley Bury (1890?1968) ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ?.?. 1921 ??????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? (???? n = 3 ???????? 4 ????????????) ???????????? (stable group) ?????????? 8 ?????????????????????? 18 ?????????????? 18 ??? 32 ^[5]^[6]^[7] ???????????????????????? ?????-?? (d-block)

???????????????????????????

????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????? 40 ??? ??????????????????????????????????? 21 ??? 30,39 ??? 48,71 ??? 80, ??? 103 ??? 112 ???? "?????????" ????????????????????????????????? 4 ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ???????? (atomic orbital) ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? (transition) ??????????? 2 ??????? 13

????????????????????-??
????	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
??? 4	₂₁Sc	₂₂Ti	₂₃V	₂₄Cr	₂₅Mn	₂₆Fe	₂₇Co	₂₈Ni	₂₉Cu	₃₀Zn
5	₃₉Y	₄₀Zr	₄₁Nb	₄₂Mo	₄₃Tc	₄₄Ru	₄₅Rh	₄₆Pd	₄₇Ag	₄₈Cd
6	₇₁Lu	₇₂Hf	₇₃Ta	₇₄W	₇₅Re	₇₆Os	₇₇Ir	₇₈Pt	₇₉Au	₈₀Hg
7	₁₀₃Lr	₁₀₄Rf	₁₀₅Db	₁₀₆Sg	₁₀₇Bh	₁₀₈Hs	₁₀₉Mt	₁₁₀Ds	₁₁₁Rg	₁₁₂Cn

?????????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????? IA ??? IIA
??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????
????????????? ???????? ?????????????????
?? ????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???? (??? 5) ????????????? ??? (??? 6)
???????????????
??????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? 2 ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????????????????? 1
?????????????????????????????????
?? ?????????????????? ???????? 1 ??? ??????????????????? ???
????????? ??????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????? (oxidation states)
???????????????????????????????? (catalysts) ?????
???????????????????-??????????????????? (?????? ????? ??? ?????? )
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) " transition element ".
↑ Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 341?342 . ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7 . LCCN 2001032331 . OCLC 46872308 .
↑ Housecroft, C. E. and Sharpe, A. G. (2005) Inorganic Chemistry , 2nd ed, Pearson Prentice-Hall, pp. 20?21.
↑ Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G. (1988) Inorganic Chemistry , 5th ed., Wiley, pp. 625?627. ISBN 978-0-471-84997-1 .
↑ Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF) . Journal of Chemical Education . 80 (8): 952?961. Bibcode : 2003JChEd..80..952J . doi : 10.1021/ed080p952 .
↑ Bury, C. R. (1921). "Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules" . J. Am. Chem. Soc . 43 (7): 1602?1609. doi : 10.1021/ja01440a023 .
↑ Bury, Charles Rugeley . Encyclopedia.com Complete dictionary of scientific biography (2008).

?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[1] IUPAC , Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) " transition element ".

[2] Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 341?342 . ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7 . LCCN 2001032331 . OCLC 46872308 .

[3] Housecroft, C. E. and Sharpe, A. G. (2005) Inorganic Chemistry , 2nd ed, Pearson Prentice-Hall, pp. 20?21.

[CW5-4] Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G. (1988) Inorganic Chemistry , 5th ed., Wiley, pp. 625?627. ISBN 978-0-471-84997-1 .

[Jensen-5] Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF) . Journal of Chemical Education . 80 (8): 952?961. Bibcode : 2003JChEd..80..952J . doi : 10.1021/ed080p952 .

[6] Bury, C. R. (1921). "Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules" . J. Am. Chem. Soc . 43 (7): 1602?1609. doi : 10.1021/ja01440a023 .

[7] Bury, Charles Rugeley . Encyclopedia.com Complete dictionary of scientific biography (2008).

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