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????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2547 - ?????????? ?????????????

????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2547

????? : 3°18′58″N 95°51′14″E  /  3.316°N 95.854°E  / 3.316; 95.854
????????????? ?????????????
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  • ????????????????? ?.?. 2547
????????????????????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????? 2 ?????? 2548
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547ตั้งอยู่ในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547ตั้งอยู่ในเกาะสุมาตรา
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547ตั้งอยู่ในโลก
แผ่นดินไหวและคลื่นสึนามิในมหาสมุทรอินเดีย พ.ศ. 2547
????????????????? 2004-12-26 00:58:53
????????????? ISC 7453151
USGS - ANSS ComCat
?????????????? 26 ??????? 2004 ; 19 ??????  ( 2004-12-26 ) [1]
????????????
???? 9.1?9.3 M w [2]
??????? 30 km (19 mi) [1]
????????? 3°18′58″N 95°51′14″E  /  3.316°N 95.854°E  / 3.316; 95.854 [1]
?????? ????????????????????
??????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????
?????????????????? 15,000 ???? ???????????? [3]
??????????????????????????? IX ( ??????? )
??????
  • 15 ??? 30 m (50 ??? 100 ft); [4] [5]
  • ?????? 51 m (167 ft) [6]
??????????? ????????? 227,898 [7] [8] [9]

??????????? 26 ??????? ?.?. 2547 ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? 07.58 ?. ??? ??????????????? (00:58 UTC ) ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? 30 ???? [10] ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? 14 ????????????? 230,000 - 280,000????????????? 280,000 ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????

?????????????????????????????????? ???????? 9.1 ??? 9.3 ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Seismometer) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 8.3 ??? 10 ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ????????? [11] ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????? [12]

???????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 8.8 ?????????????????????? ?.?. 2548 ??????????????????????????? 9.0 [13] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (United States Geological Survey) ????????????????????????????????? ???????? 9.1 ???????????????????????? ?.?. 2549 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9.1?9.3 ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? (Hiroo Kanamori) ???? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????? 9.2 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [14]

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? 30 ??. ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? 160 ??. ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????? (Sunda megathrust) ????????????????????????? 1,300 ??. [15] ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? [16] ???????????????????? (Splay fault) ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? (Lhoknga) ???????????? ???????????? ????????????????? [17]

???? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????

???????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?.?. 1906?2005 ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100 ?? ??????? ?.?. 1906 - 2005 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ?? 8 ???????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1964 ?????????? ?.?. 1960 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1906 ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (???????????????????????????????????????)

?????????? ?.?. 1900 ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ?????????????????????? ?.?. 1960 (???????? 9.5) ?????????????????????? ?.?. 1964 (???????? 9.2) ???????????????????????????????????????????? 9.0 ?????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????? ?.?. 1952 [18] ??? ???????????????????? ?.?. 2011 ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????

?????????????????? (???? ?????????? ) ????????? ?????????? ?.?. 1868 ?? ?????????? (???????????????????????????????????) ?.?. 1827 ?? ????????? (??????????????????????????) ?.?. 1812 ?? ?????????? (???????????????????????????????) ?????????????????????? ?.?. 1700 ?????????????????????????????? (????????????????? ???????????????? ) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ??????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????? (?????: ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????
????????????????? 130,736 167,799 37,063 500,000+
?????????????? 35,322 35,322 21,411 516,150
????????????? 12,405 18,045 5,640 647,599
????????? 5,395 8,212 8,457 2,817 7,000
?????????????? 78 289 5,000
?????????? 61 400?600 45 200 3,200
?????????????? 82 108 26 15,000+
?????????????? 68 75 299 6
??????????????? 10 13
???????? ??????? 3 3 57 200
??????????????? 2 2
???????????????? 2 2
??????????? 2 2
??????????? 1 1 2
????????????????? 1,000+
??? ~184,167 ~230,273 ~125,000 ~45,752 ~1.69 ????

?????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????? 2 ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 500 ??. (310 ????) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????? 8,000 ??

?????????????????????????????????????????????? [19] [20]

  • 6?10 ???? (20?33 ???) ????????? ????????????
  • 3?6 ???? (9.8?19.7 ???) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
  • 3 ???? (9.8 ???) ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
  • 2 ???? (6 ??? 7 ????) ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????
  • 4?6 ???? (13?20 ???) ??????????
  • 19.6 ???? (64 ???) ?????????????? ????????????
  • 6.8 ???? (22 ???) ??????????? ????????????
  • 5 ???? (16 ???) ???????????? (??????????????????????????????)
  • 6.3 ???? (21 ???) ??????????????? ????????????
  • 6.8 ???? (22 ???) ??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
???? ???????????? ??? ???????? (813) ?????????????????

???????????????????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????? ? ?????? 10 ?????? ?.?. 2548 ??????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? 5,309 ?? ????????????????????? 3,370 ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? 5 ?????? ?.?. 2548 ??????????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????????????????? [21]

??????????????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????? , ????? ??? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????? 8 ???? ???

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 26 ??????? 2547 ??? ??????? ?????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Magnitude 9.1 ? Off the West Coast of Sumatra" . U.S. Geological Survey. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 17 August 2012 . ??????????? 26 August 2012 .
  2. ↑ ??????????????: ???????? <ref> ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? Satake
  3. ↑ "Indian Ocean Tsunami ? Economic Aspects" . indianoceantsunami.web.unc.edu . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 18 April 2019 . ??????????? 4 January 2018 .
  4. ↑ "Astonishing Wave Heights Among the Findings of an International Tsunami Survey Team on Sumatra" . U.S. Geological Survey. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 27 August 2016 . ??????????? 16 June 2016 .
  5. ↑ ??????????????: ???????? <ref> ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? Paris
  6. ↑ Paris, Raphael; Cachao, Mario; Fournier, Jerome; Voldoire, Olivier (1 April 2010). "Nannoliths abundance and distribution in tsunami deposits: example from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (north-west Sumatra, Indonesia)" . Geomorphologie : Relief, Processus, Environnement . 16 (1): 109?118. doi : 10.4000/geomorphologie.7865 .
  7. ↑ "Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis Report" (PDF) . TEC. July 2006. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 25 August 2006 . ??????????? 9 July 2018 .
  8. ↑ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths" . U.S. Geological Survey. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 5 June 2013.
  9. ↑ "Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held" . BBC News . 26 December 2014 . ??????????? 15 December 2016 .
  10. ↑ Paulson, Tom. " New findings super-size our tsunami threat ." Seattlepi.com. February 7, 2005.
  11. ↑ Walton, Marsha. " Scientists: Sumatra quake longest ever recorded ." CNN . May 20, 2005
  12. ↑ West, Michael; Sanches, John J.; McNutt, Stephen R. " Periodically Triggered Seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, After the Sumatra Earthquake ." Science . Vol. 308, No. 5725, 1144?1146. May 20, 2005.
  13. ↑ McKee, Maggie. " Power of tsunami earthquake heavily underestimated ." New Scientist . 9 ?????????? ?.?. 2005.
  14. ↑ EERI Publication 2006?06, ???? 14.
  15. ↑ Nalbant, S., Steacy, S., Sieh, K., Natawidjaja, D., and McCloskey, J. " Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench ???????? 2010-06-04 ??? ?????????????? ." Nature . Vol. 435, No. 7043, 756?757. 9 June 2005. Retrieved 16 May 2009. 18 May 2009.
  16. ↑ Lovholt, F., Bungum, H., Harbitz, C.B., Glimsal, S., Lindholm, C.D., and Pedersen, G. " Earthquake related tsunami hazard along the western coast of Thailand ." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. Vol. 6, No. 6, 979?997. 30 November 2006. Retrieved 16 May 2009. 18 May 2009.
  17. ↑ Sibuet, J-C., Rangin, C., Le Pichon, X., Singh, S., Cattaneo, A., Graindorge, D., Klingelhoefer, F., Lin, J-Y., Malod, J., Maury, T., Schneider, J-L., Sultan, N., Umber, M., Yamaguchi, H., and the "Sumatra aftershocks" team, " 26 December 2004 great Sumatra?Andaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra ." Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Vol. 263, Issues. 1?2, 88?103. 15 November 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2009. Archived 18 May 2009.
  18. ↑ " Kamchatka Earthquake, 4 November 1952 ." United States Geological Survey .
  19. ↑ "東北大? 災害科??際?究所 津波工??究室 トップペ?ジ" (PDF) . 東北大? 災害科??際?究所 津波工??究室 (???????????) . ??????????? 18 March 2023 .
  20. ↑ "The 2004 Indian tsunami in Thailand: Surveyed runup heights and tide gauge records" (PDF) . ??????????? 18 March 2023 .
  21. ↑ ????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2547
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