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????? : 55°57′12″N 03°11′21″W  /  55.95333°N 3.18917°W  / 55.95333; -3.18917
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Edinburgh • Dun Eideann
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ตามเข็มนาฬิกาจากซ้ายบน: ทิวทัศน์จากคาลตันฮิล, มหาวิทยาลัยเอดินบะระ, โอลด์ทาว์น จากปรินส์เซสสตรีท, ปราสาทเอดินบะระ, วิวถนนปริสเซสสตรีทจากคาลตันฮิล
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ธงของเอดินบะระ
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ตราราชการของเอดินบะระ
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????: 
"????? ?????" (Auld Reekie), "??????", "?????????????????????????"
ที่ตั้งในประเทศสกอตแลนด์
เอดินบะระตั้งอยู่ในสกอตแลนด์
เอดินบะระ
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เอดินบะระตั้งอยู่ในสหราชอาณาจักร
เอดินบะระ
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เอดินบะระตั้งอยู่ในยุโรป
เอดินบะระ
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?????????????????????
?????: 55°57′12″N 03°11′21″W  /  55.95333°N 3.18917°W  / 55.95333; -3.18917
?????????   ?????????????
??????   ?????????
?????????? ????????????
???????????????????? ?????????
??????? ??????????????????? 7
??????????????? ?.?. 1125
?????????????? ?.?. 1889
?????????
 ? ??????????????? ???????????????
 ?  ???????????? ????? ??????
 ?  MSPs
 ?  MPs
???????
 ? ????????? 264 ??.??. (102 ??.????)
??????? [4] 47 ???? (154 ???)
???????
  (2012 and 2016)
 ? ????????? 464,990 ? Locality [1] 507,170 ? Local Authority Area [2]  ??
 ? ??????????? 1,828 ??/??.??. (4,730 ??/??.????)
 ? ??? ??????? 1,339,380 ? Edinburgh & South East Scotland City Region: [2] [3]  ??
 ? ???? ?????? , ?????
??????? UTC±0 ( GMT )
 ? ??????? ( ?????????? ) UTC+1 ( BST )
??????????????? EH1-17, EH28-30
??????????? 0131
GDP US$ 32.5 billion [5]
GDP per capita US$ 58,437 [5]
???????? www .edinburgh .gov .uk

????????? [6] ( ?????? : Edinburgh ; ????????? : Dun Eideann ; ?????????/????????????: ??????????? ) ??????????????????? 2 ???????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????????? 32 ????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 15 ??????????????????????????????, ??????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (????????????????????????????????) [7] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 2016 ???????????????????????? 1.75 ?????? [8]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (?????? ???????? ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 488,050 ?? (?.?. 2016) ????????????????????? [1] ???????????? 518,500 ?? (?.?. 2018) ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? [9]

?????????????????????????????????????? "????????????????????" ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????????????????? (Museum of Childhood and People’s Story) ?????????????????????????????????????????????? (Dynamic Education Centre) ????????????????????? (Butterfly & Insect World) ????????????? (Deep Sea World) ???????

????????????? [ ???????????? ]

????? ????? ??????????????????? ????? ( Eidyn ) ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? [10] ??????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? 7 ??????????????????????????????????????????? 10 [11] ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??? ( burh ) ????????????????????? ????????? ( Edinburgh ) [12]

????????? [ ???????????? ]

??????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????? (??????????????????????????)
????? ?.?. ?.?. ??.?. ??.?. ?.?. ??.?. ?.?. ?.?. ?.?. ?.?. ?.?. ?.?. ??????
?????????????????????????? °C (°F) 15.0
(59) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.0
(68) 		22.8
(73) 		29.0
(84.2) 		27.8
(82) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.4
(88.5) 		26.7
(80.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		31.6
(88.9)
???????????????????? °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6) 		7.5
(45.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		17.2
(63) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.9
(66) 		16.5
(61.7) 		13.1
(55.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		7.0
(44.6) 		12.7
(54.9)
?????????????????????? °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.1
(46.6) 		10.8
(51.4) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.2
(59.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		6.7
(44.1) 		4.2
(39.6) 		9.3
(48.7)
???????????????????? °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5) 		1.5
(34.7) 		2.8
(37) 		4.3
(39.7) 		6.8
(44.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		3.7
(38.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		5.9
(42.6)
?????????????????????????? °C (°F) -15.5
(4.1) 		-11.7
(10.9) 		-11.1
(12) 		-6.1
(21) 		-2.4
(27.7) 		1.1
(34) 		4.4
(39.9) 		2.2
(36) 		-1.1
(30) 		-3.7
(25.3) 		-8.3
(17.1) 		-11.5
(11.3) 		?15.5
(4.1)
?????????? ?? (????) 67.5
(2.657) 		47.0
(1.85) 		51.7
(2.035) 		40.5
(1.594) 		48.9
(1.925) 		61.3
(2.413) 		65.0
(2.559) 		60.2
(2.37) 		63.7
(2.508) 		75.6
(2.976) 		62.1
(2.445) 		60.8
(2.394) 		704.3
(27.728)
??????????????????????????? (≥ 1.0 mm) 12.5 9.4 9.9 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.5 9.7 10.2 12.4 11.2 11.4 124.2
???????????????????? 53.5 78.5 114.8 144.6 188.4 165.9 172.2 161.5 128.8 101.2 71.0 46.2 1,426.6
??????????: Met Office [13] , KNMI [14] and and Weather Atlas [15]

??????? [ ???????????? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Mid-2012 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland" . nationalrecordsofscotland.gov.uk. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2015-11-25 . ??????????? 25 November 2015 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 (PDF) https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/population-estimates/mid-year-2016/16mype-cahb.pdf . {{ cite web }} : |title= ?????????????????? ( help )
  3. ↑ "Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2015-11-25 . ??????????? 25 November 2015 .
  4. ↑ "Edinburgh, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Queensferry Road, Edinburgh)" . The Weather Underground, Inc . ??????????? 29 September 2013 . {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal ??????? |journal= ( help )
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Global city GDP 2014" . Brookings Institution. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 4 June 2013 . ??????????? 18 November 2014 .
  6. ↑ "??????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????" (PDF) . ??????????????? . 139 (????? 205 ?). 1 ??????? 2565.
  7. ↑ Invest in Edinburgh. "Financial Services" . ???? ????????????????? 3 October 2017 . ??????????? 3 October 2017 .
  8. ↑ "Edinburgh by Numbers 2018" (PDF) . ???? ????????????????? 20 April 2019 . ??????????? 20 April 2019 .
  9. ↑ "Edinburgh-World Heritage Site" . VisitScotland . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 22 February 2013 . ??????????? 10 February 2013 .
  10. ↑ Gelling, Margaret ; Nicolaisen, W. F. H. ; Richards, Melville (1970). The Names of Towns and Cities in Britain . Batsford. pp. 88?89. ISBN   978-0-7134-5235-8 .
  11. ↑ Driscoll, Stephen; Yeoman, Peter A. (1997). Excavations within Edinburgh Castle in 1988?91 . Society of Antiquaries of Scotland monograph series. Vol. 12. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . p. 229. ISBN   978-0-903-903127 .
  12. ↑ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World . McFarland. pp. 118?119. ISBN   978-0-7864-2248-7 . ??????????? 12 August 2011 .
  13. ↑ "Edinburgh 1981?2010 averages" . Met Office . ??????????? 4 November 2012 .
  14. ↑ "Indices Data" . KNMI . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2018-07-09 . ??????????? 13 December 2018 .
  15. ↑ d.o.o, Yu Media Group. "Edinburgh, United Kingdom - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast" . Weather Atlas (??????????) . ??????????? 2019-07-03 .

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