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Skeletal formula of methanol with some explicit hydrogens added
Skeletal formula of methanol with some explicit hydrogens added
Spacefill model of methanol
Spacefill model of methanol
Space filling model of methanol
Space filling model of methanol
Ball and stick model of methanol
Ball and stick model of methanol
A sample of methanol
????
Preferred IUPAC name
Methanol [1]
????????
Carbinol
Columbian spirits
Hydroxymethane
MeOH
Methyl alcohol
Methyl hydroxide
Methylic alcohol
Methylol
Methylene hydrate, primary alcohol
Pyroligneous spirit
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood spirit
??????????
3D model ( JSmol )
3DMet
1098229
ChEBI
ChEMBL
???????????
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.599 แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ
EC Number
  • 200-659-6
449
KEGG
MeSH Methanol
RTECS number
  • PC1400000
UNII
UN number 1230
  • InChI=1S/CH4O/c1-2/h2H,1H3   checkY
    Key: OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N   checkY
  • InChI=1/CH4O/c1-2/h2H,1H3
    Key: OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYAX
  • CO
?????????
CH
3 OH or CH
4 O
?????????? 32.04 g mol ?1
??????????????? ??????????????
????? ?????????????????????????
??????????? 0.792 g/cm 3 [2]
??????????? ?97.6 ???????????? (?143.7 ?????????????; 175.6 ??????)
???????? 64.7 ???????????? (148.5 ?????????????; 337.8 ??????)
?????????
log P ?0.69
????????? 13.02 kPa (at 20 °C)
pKa 15.5 [3]
??? Methyloxonium [4]
??? Methanolate [5]
?21.40·10 ?6 cm 3 /mol
1.33141 [6]
???????? 0.545 mPa·s (at 25 °C) [7]
1.69 D
????????
725.7 kJ/mol, 173.4 kcal/mol, 5.77 kcal/g
??????????? [12] [13]
????????????????????????? (OHS/OSH):
???????????
??????????????????????????????????????

Moderately toxic for small animals ? Highly toxic to large animals and humans (in high concentrations) ? May be fatal/ lethal or cause blindness and damage to the liver , kidneys , and heart if swallowed ? Toxicity effects from repeated over exposure have an accumulative effect on the central nervous system , especially the optic nerve ? Symptoms may be delayed, become severe after 12 to 18 hours, and linger for several days after exposure [9]

GHS labelling :
The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)[8]
??????? [8]
H225 , H301 , H302 , H305 , H311 , H331 , H370 [8]
P210 , P233 , P235 , P240 , P241 , P242 , P243 , P260 , P264 , P270 , P271 , P280 , P301+P330+P331 , P302+P352 , P303+P361+P353 , P304+P340 , P305+P351+P338 , P307+P311 , P310 , P311 , P312 , P337+P313 , P361 , P363 , P370+P378 , P403+P233 , P405 , P501 [8]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[12] [14]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
3
0
???????? 11 ??? 12 ???????????? (52 ??? 54 ?????????????; 284 ??? 285 ??????)
470 ???????????? (878 ?????????????; 743 ??????) [15]

385 ???????????? (725 ?????????????; 658 ??????) [16]

????????????????? 6?36% [10]
?????? ??????????????? (LD, LC):
LD 50 ( median dose )
5628 mg/kg (rat, oral)
7300 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
12880 mg/kg (rat, oral)
14200 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) [11]
64,000 ppm (rat, 4 h) [11]
33,082 ppm (cat, 6 h)
37,594 ppm (mouse, 2 h) [11]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m 3 ) [10]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m 3 ) ST 250 ppm (325 mg/m 3 ) [skin] [10]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
6000 ppm [10]
??????????????????????? (SDS) [1]
?????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
Methanethiol
Silanol
???????
???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? 25 °C, 100 kPa

??????? ( ?????? : methanol ) ???? ?????????????? ( ?????? : methyl alcohol ) ?? ??????????????????? CH 3 OH ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? (????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ) ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??? ???
???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????

2 CH 3 OH + 3 O 2 → 2 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O

????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????? (denatured alcohol) ?????????????????????????????????

????????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????

???????? [ ??? ]

??????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????????????????

???????????????????????????????? LPG ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) . Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry . 2014. p. 692. doi : 10.1039/9781849733069-00648 . ISBN   978-0-85404-182-4 .
  2. ↑ Lide, D. R., ?.?. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN   0-8493-0486-5 .
  3. ↑ Ballinger, P.; Long, F. A. (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds". J. Am. Chem. Soc . 82 (4): 795?798. doi : 10.1021/ja01489a008 .
  4. ↑ "Methyloxonium" . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . ???? ????????????????? 21 December 2018 . ??????????? 21 December 2018 .
  5. ↑ "Methanolate" . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . ???? ????????????????? 21 December 2018 . ??????????? 21 December 2018 . Methoxide is an organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol. ... It is a conjugate base of a methanol.
  6. ↑ "RefractiveIndex.INFO ? Refractive index database" . refractiveindex.info . ???? ????????????????? 23 February 2017 . ??????????? 14 February 2012 .
  7. ↑ Gonzalez, Begona (2007). "Density, dynamic viscosity, and derived properties of binary mixtures of methanol or ethanol with water, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate at T = (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K". The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics . 39 (12): 1578?1588. doi : 10.1016/j.jct.2007.05.004 .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Methanol" (PDF) . Lab Chem . Valtech. ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 10 March 2016 . ??????????? 10 March 2016 .
  9. ↑ Toxicity on PubChem ???????? 20 ??????? 2018 ??? ??????????????
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0397" . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Methanol" . Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH) . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Systematic Agent: METHANOL" . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ???? ????????????????? 23 April 2009 . ??????????? 3 August 2018 .
  13. ↑ "PubChem: Safety and Hazards - GHS Classification" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. ???? ????????????????? 20 August 2018 . ??????????? 20 August 2018 .
  14. ↑ "Methanol Safe Handling Manual" (PDF) . Methanol Institute . 2017. p. 253. ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 20 December 2017 . ??????????? 3 August 2018 .
  15. ↑ "Technical Information & Safe Handling Guide for Methanol" . Methanex Corporation. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 11 March 2012.
  16. ↑ "Methanol Safe Handling Manual" (PDF) . Methanol Institute . 2017. p. 243. ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 20 December 2017 . ??????????? 3 August 2018 .

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