??????

	?????? (????? ???)
???????????????	華?
??????????????	? ?
???????????
??????????????????
????????????????	Hua Tuo
?????????????
???????	元化
???????????
??????????????????
????????????????	Yuanhua

?????? (????? ???)
華?
?????? (????? ???) ; 華?
	???????????????? ??????????
????	??? ?.?. 140 ; ????? ??????? ??????????
?????????	?.?. 208 (???? 68 ??)
????????	????????????? ( 元化 )
?????	?????

?????? (??? ?.?. 140-208) ?????????????????????? ????? ??? ( ????????? : ?陀 ; ?????????? : 華? ; ?????? : Hua Tuo ; ???-????? : Hua T'o ) ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ^[1] ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (麻沸散) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? (五禽?; ?????? "???????????????????????") ??????????????????????????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

????????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????

???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? 3 ????? ???????????????

?????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????? "??????????????????????????????" ?????????????? "???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????" ????????????????????????????????????? "???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????"

??????????? ??????????????????????? 2 ?? ????????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 de Crespigny (2007) , p. 332.

Chen Jinhua ?金?. 2007. Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The Many Lives of Fazang (643-712) . Brill.
Chen Yinke ?寅恪. 1977. " Sanguozhi Cao Chong Hua Tuo zhuan yu fojiao gushi" (Biographies of Cao Chong and Hua Tuo in the Sanguozhi and their relationship with Buddhist legends), Chen Yinque xiansheng quan ji (Collected works of Chen Yinque), Jiushi chuban. (???)
DeWoskin, Kenneth J. 1983. Doctors, Diviners and Magicians of Ancient China: Biographies of Fang-Shih . Columbia University Press.
Fan, Ka Wai. 2004. "On Hua Tuo's Position in the History of Chinese Medicine," The American Journal of Chinese Medicine , 32.2:313-320.
Giles, Herbert A. 1897. A Chinese Biographical Dictionary . Kelly & Walsh.
Giles, Lionel. 1912. Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh-Tz? . Wisdom of the East.
Giles, Lionel. 1948. A Gallery of Chinese Immortals . J. Murray.
Li Hui-Lin. 1973. "The Origin and Use of Cannabis in Eastern Asia: Linguistic-Cultural Implications", Economic Botany 28.3:293-301.
Lu Gwei-Djen and Joseph Needham. 2002. Celestial Lancets: A History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa . Routledge.
Mair, Victor H., tr. 1994. "The Biography of Hua-t'o from the History of the Three Kingdoms , in The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature , ed. by Victor H. Mair. Columbia University Press. 688-696.
Salguero, C. Pierce. 2009. "The Buddhist medicine king in literary context: reconsidering an early medieval example of Indian influence on Chinese medicine and surgery" ^{[
?????????
]}, History of Religions 48.3:183-210.
Schuessler, Axel. 2007. An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese . University of Hawaii Press.
Smith, Frederick P. 1871. Contributions towards the Materia Medica and Natural History of China . Trubner & Co.
Veith, Ilza. 1966. Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen; The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine . University of California Press.
Wang Zhenguo and Ping Chen. 1999. History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine . IOS Press.

??????????????? [ ??? ]

“????????????????????” (五禽?, Wu Qin Xi)
Hua Tuo , Subhuti Dharmananda
Hua Tuo: A miraculous healer in ancient China ???????? 2010-12-22 ??? ?????????????? , Association for Asian Research
Hua Tuo (Yuanhua) , Sanguozhi biography, tr. Giao Chau
A Brief Biography of Hua Tuo ^{[
?????????
]}, John Chen

[FOOTNOTEde_Crespigny2007332-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 de Crespigny (2007) , p. 332.

[1]

? ? ? ???????????? ?????????????????? (?.?. 189-220)
?????????	????????????????? (?????????????) ????????????????? (??????????) ??????????????????? (????????????????/??????????)
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???????????????	?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????
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?????????????????	????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? (??????) ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????
??????????????	??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
?????????	???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????????????? ?	????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????