???????????????

?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? ( ????? : Inter caetera ; "????????? ?") ???? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 6 ??????????? 4 ??????? ?.?. 1493 ??????????????? "?????????????" ??????????????????????????????????????? 100 ???????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ^[1] ?????? ???? ( ?????????????????? ??? ?????????????????? )

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "?????" ?????????????? ????????????????????????????? (feudal infeodation) ???????????????????????????? (investiture) ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[2]

??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? "????????????" (Bulls of Donation)

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ A single meridian is excluded because no lands can be south of it. Two partial meridians are possible, one extending north from a point west of the Azores and another extending south from a point south of the Cape Verde Islands, the two being connected by a north-northwest south-southeast line segment. Another possibility is a rhumb line west and south of the islands extending north-northwest and south-southeast. All rhumb lines reach both poles by spiraling into them.
↑ Verzijl, Jan Hendrik Willem (1979). International Law in Historical Perspective . Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 230?234, 237. ISBN 9789028601581 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) . Online, Google Books entry

??????????????? [ ??? ]

English Translation of Inter Caetera ???????? 2008-06-05 ??? ??????????????
English translation of Inter caetera
Papal Bull, Inter Caetera ???????? 2015-02-15 ??? ??????????????

?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[1] A single meridian is excluded because no lands can be south of it. Two partial meridians are possible, one extending north from a point west of the Azores and another extending south from a point south of the Cape Verde Islands, the two being connected by a north-northwest south-southeast line segment. Another possibility is a rhumb line west and south of the islands extending north-northwest and south-southeast. All rhumb lines reach both poles by spiraling into them.

[verzijl-2] Verzijl, Jan Hendrik Willem (1979). International Law in Historical Perspective . Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 230?234, 237. ISBN 9789028601581 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) . Online, Google Books entry

[1]

[2]