?????????????

?????
??????????????
??????	발 해
?????	渤海
???????????
????????	Balhae
????????	Parhae
???????????
???????	渤海
???????????
??????????????????
????????????????	Boh?i
???-?????	Po-hai
???????????????
???????????	Бохай
??????????	Bohai
?????????????
??????????	??????
??????????	Puhai

????? / ???????
????? / ??????? ; 渤海 ( ?????? ) ( ?????????? ) ; 渤海 ( ??????????? ) ; Balhae 渤海 ( ??? ) ; Boh?i
	698?926
	????????????? ?.?. 830 ????????? ????????????????????
?????????	????????? ; (698?742) ; ????????????? ; (742?756) ; ????????????????? ; (756?785) ; ????????????????? ; (785?793) ; ????????????????? ; (793?926)
??????????	??????? ( ??????????????? ) , ; ???????????????? , ; ?????????? (????????)
?????	???? , ; ????? , ; ??????????? [ ?????????????? ]
?????????	??????????
????????
? 698?719	?? (???????)
? 719?737	??
? 737?793	???
? 818?830	????
? 907?926	?? ??????? (???????????)
?????????????
? Dae Jung-sang ??????????????????	696
? ???????????? Tianmenling	698
? "?????" ??????????????????	713
? Sang-gyeong ???????	14 ?????? 926
???????
? ??????????????? 7?8	?????? 500,000 ??
????????	?????
	???????
	??????????????
?????????????
Dongdan
?????
????????????
?????????
????????????????????????	????????? ; ??????????? ; ???????

????????????? ( ?????? : 渤海 , ???????????????????: /pa?????/ ) ???? ??????? ( ??? : 渤海 ; ?????? : Boh?i , ??????? : Бохай , ??????????: Bokhay , ????? : ?????? ) ??????????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ^[7]

??????????????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? 15 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?.?. 1545 ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?.?. 1469 ??????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 10 ?? ?? ?.?. 1479 ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????

???????? [ ??? ]

↑ With the multiple capitals system ; a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals (c.820-926) ^[3]

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ 東北亞歷史財團便 (Northeast Asian History Foundation) (2007). 새롭게 본 渤海史 . 東北亞歷史財團. p. 62. ISBN 978-89-6187-003-0 .
↑ "渤海の遼東地域の領有問題をめぐって : 拂涅?越喜??利等靺鞨の故地と?連して" (PDF) . Kyushu University Institutional Repository . 2003.
↑ Kradin Nikolai Nikolaevich (2018). "Динамика урбанизационных процессов в средневековых государствах Дальнего Востока" [Dynamics of urbanization processes in the medieval states of the Far East]. Siberian historical research . ??????????? 5 February 2019 .
↑ Stoyakin Maxim Aleksandrovich (2012). Культовая архитектура Бохайского времени в северной части Кореского Полуострова [Religious cult architecture of the Bohai time in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula]. BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE OF PARHAE (BOHAI) LOCATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KOREAN PENINSULA (???????????) . ??????????? 5 February 2019 .
↑ 古畑徹 (2017). 渤海?とは何か ?史文化ライブラリ? (???????????). 吉川弘文館. ISBN 978-4642058582 .
↑ "Буддийская культовая архитектура бохайского времени в северной части корейского полуострова" .
↑ 정석배 JUNG Suk-bae (2016). "渤海의 北方境界에 對한 일考察 (Study on northern borders of Balhae)". 高句麗渤海硏究 The Koguryo Balhae Yongu (??????????). 高句麗渤海學會 Association of Koguryo Balhae. 54 : 88.

??????????????? [ ??? ]

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Columbia Encyclopedia
U.S. Library of Congress: Country Studies
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Bohai Kingdom in academia
??????:Worldhistory
(?????????????) Bohai country Research Center 渤海?交流?究センタ?
(????????????) Han's Palhae of Korea 한규철의 渤海史硏究室 ???????? 2007-03-19 ??? ??????????????
(?????????????) History of Bohai country Государство Бохай (698-926 гг.)

?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[4] With the multiple capitals system ; a Supreme capital with four secondary capitals (c.820-926) ^[3]

[1] 東北亞歷史財團便 (Northeast Asian History Foundation) (2007). 새롭게 본 渤海史 . 東北亞歷史財團. p. 62. ISBN 978-89-6187-003-0 .

[2] "渤海の遼東地域の領有問題をめぐって : 拂涅?越喜??利等靺鞨の故地と?連して" (PDF) . Kyushu University Institutional Repository . 2003.

[3] Kradin Nikolai Nikolaevich (2018). "Динамика урбанизационных процессов в средневековых государствах Дальнего Востока" [Dynamics of urbanization processes in the medieval states of the Far East]. Siberian historical research . ??????????? 5 February 2019 .

[5] Stoyakin Maxim Aleksandrovich (2012). Культовая архитектура Бохайского времени в северной части Кореского Полуострова [Religious cult architecture of the Bohai time in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula]. BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE OF PARHAE (BOHAI) LOCATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KOREAN PENINSULA (???????????) . ??????????? 5 February 2019 .

[6] 古畑徹 (2017). 渤海?とは何か ?史文化ライブラリ? (???????????). 吉川弘文館. ISBN 978-4642058582 .

[7] "Буддийская культовая архитектура бохайского времени в северной части корейского полуострова" .

[8] 정석배 JUNG Suk-bae (2016). "渤海의 北方境界에 對한 일考察 (Study on northern borders of Balhae)". 高句麗渤海硏究 The Koguryo Balhae Yongu (??????????). 高句麗渤海學會 Association of Koguryo Balhae. 54 : 88.

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