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???????????? ( ?????? : United States Senate ) ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????

??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????? 1 ^[1] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (staggered term) ?????? 6 ?? ????????????????? 50 ??? ???????????????????????? 100 ?? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (ex officio member) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[2]???????????? ^[3]^[4]^[5]??????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[6]

????????? 1789 ??? 1913 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 17 ???? 1913 ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ??.??.

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↑ "Constitution of the United States" . Senate.gov. March 26, 2009 . ??????????? October 4, 2010 .
↑ Amar, Vik D. (1988-01-01). "The Senate and the Constitution" . The Yale Law Journal . 97 (6): 1111?1130. doi : 10.2307/796343 . JSTOR 796343 . S2CID 53702587 .
↑ Stewart, Charles; Reynolds, Mark (1990-01-01). "Television Markets and U.S. Senate Elections". Legislative Studies Quarterly . 15 (4): 495?523. doi : 10.2307/439894 . JSTOR 439894 .
↑ Richard L. Berke (September 12, 1999). "In Fight for Control of Congress, Tough Skirmishes Within Parties" . The New York Times .
↑ Joseph S. Friedman (March 30, 2009). "The Rapid Sequence of Events Forcing the Senate's Hand: A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890?1913" . Curej ? College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal .
↑ Lee, Frances E. (June 16, 2006). "Agreeing to Disagree: Agenda Content and Senate Partisanship, 198". Legislative Studies Quarterly . 33 (2): 199?222. doi : 10.3162/036298008784311000 .

??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[senate_a1_sec3-1] "Constitution of the United States" . Senate.gov. March 26, 2009 . ??????????? October 4, 2010 .

[2] Amar, Vik D. (1988-01-01). "The Senate and the Constitution" . The Yale Law Journal . 97 (6): 1111?1130. doi : 10.2307/796343 . JSTOR 796343 . S2CID 53702587 .

[3] Stewart, Charles; Reynolds, Mark (1990-01-01). "Television Markets and U.S. Senate Elections". Legislative Studies Quarterly . 15 (4): 495?523. doi : 10.2307/439894 . JSTOR 439894 .

[4] Richard L. Berke (September 12, 1999). "In Fight for Control of Congress, Tough Skirmishes Within Parties" . The New York Times .

[5] Joseph S. Friedman (March 30, 2009). "The Rapid Sequence of Events Forcing the Senate's Hand: A Reappraisal of the Seventeenth Amendment, 1890?1913" . Curej ? College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal .

[6] Lee, Frances E. (June 16, 2006). "Agreeing to Disagree: Agenda Content and Senate Partisanship, 198". Legislative Studies Quarterly . 33 (2): 199?222. doi : 10.3162/036298008784311000 .

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