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????????? 11 ??????? - ?????????? ?????????????

????????? 11 ???????

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????????? 11 ???????
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?????? 11 ??????? 2001 ; 22 ??????  ( 2001-09-11 )
8:46 - 10:28 ?. ( EDT UTC?4 )
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??? 2,996 ??
???? ???? 25,000 ??
?????????? ????????????????????????????? [1]

????????????? 11 ??????? ???? 9/11 (?????????????) ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??.??. ??????????? 11 ??????? ?.?. 2001 ??????????? ????????????? 19 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? [2] [3] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? 93 ????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??.??. ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 3,000 ????????????????????? [4] [5] [6] ?????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2004 [1] ?????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? (War on Terror), ???????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?.?. 2011 ???????????????????????? ??? ??????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [7] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2002 ???????????????????? 11 ?????????????????????????????????? 11 ??????? ?.?. 2011 ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 541 ???? ????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2013 [8] ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?? ?.?. 2008 ??????????????????????????????????????? 93 ???????????????? ?.?. 2009 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10 ??????? ?.?. 2011 [9] [10]

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????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 77 ??????????????????? [11] ???????????????????????????????????????? 86 ???????????????????????????

? ?????????? 11 ??????? ?.?. 2001 ???????????????? 19 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??.??. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [12] ????????? 8.46 ?. ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? 11 ??????????????????????????????????????????? (1 WTC) ???????????? 9.03 ?. ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? 175 ???????????????? (2 WTC) [13] [14]

?????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? 77 ???????????????????????????????? 9.37 ?. [15] ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?? ???????????????? ???????????? 93 ????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? 10.03 ?. ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? 93 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [12] ??????????????????????????????????????????? 93 ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [16] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [17] ????????????????? ???????????? 93 ?????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? (mace) ????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????????????? [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? [25] [26] ??????????????? ?????????? 9/11 ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [27] [28] ???????????????????????????? 11 ??????????????????????? 175 ?????????????????????????? 93 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????? 9/11 ??????????????????????????? [25]

??????????????????????????????????? 11 ????????????? ?????????? ???-15 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? 8.53 ?. [29] ????????????????????????????????????? (NORAD) ???????? 9 ??????? ???????????? 11 ????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (FAA) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [29] ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? 9.30 ?. [29] ????????? 10.20 ?. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [29] [30] [31] [32] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? [33] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? "????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 11 ???????" [34]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [35] ????????????????????? 9.59 ?. ??????????????????????? 56 ???? ??????????????????????????? ???????????? 175 ??????????? [35] ????????????????????????? 10.28 ?. ??????????????????????? 102 ???? [35] ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 7 ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? 7WTC ????????????????? 17.21 ?. [36] [37]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [38] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??.??. [39] ???????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? 1989 ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????? [40]

?????????
11 ??????? 2544
?????????? ?? ?????????
????????????? ?????????
????????????? ?? ?????????

??????????????????????????? ?.?. 2002 ????? ????? ?????????? (Khalid Sheikh Mohammed) ???????? ??? ???-????? (Ramzi bin al-Shibh) ???????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????? 93 ??? ???????????????? ??????????????? [41] ????????????????????????? ??????? ????? (Mohamed Atta) ???????????????????????????????????? 11 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? Hani Hanjour ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 77 [42] ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? "?????????????????????" [43] ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [42]

???????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????? 2,996 ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? 19 ?? ????????? 2,977 ?? ????????????????? 246 ???????????????????????????? (????????????????????????????????????), 2,606 ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? 125 ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????? 55 ???????????????????????

???????????????????????????? 90% ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?? 1,355 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????? 107 ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? 18 ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 630 ?? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????? ?????????????? ? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????? 3 ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????? 4 ???????????????????????????? ??????????? ????? 767 -200ER ????? 2 ?? (??? ???????????????? ???????????? 11 ??? ???????????????? ???????????? 175 ) ??? 2 ?????? ????? 757 -200 (??????????????????? ???????????? 77 ?????????????????????? ???????????? 93) ???? 4 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? "????????????????????????????????????????????"

????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????? (?????????????????????????????????? 7 ????) ???????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????? 5 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????? 200 ?? ????????????????????? 6,000 ?? (? ?????? 20 ??????? ?.?. 2001)

??????? ????????????????????????? 11 ???????????????????????????????? 11 ??????????????? ( ?????? : National Day of Service and Remembrance ) ??????????????? ?.?. 2002 ?????????

???????????? (??????????????????? 19 ??)
??????????? ??????????????????? ????????? 2,602 ?? ????????? 24 ?? [44] [45]
???????????????? ???????????? 11 88 [46]
???????????????? ???????????? 175 59 [47]
????????????? ????? 125 [48]
???????????????? ???????????? 77 59 [49]
Shanksville ???????????????? ???????????? 93 40 [50]
??? ????????? 2,973 ?? ????????? 24 ??

???????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????? 3,400 ?? ???????? ????????????????????? 246 ?? ???????????????????? ??????????? 2,602 ?? ?????????? ???????? 125 ?? ???????????????????????????? 343 ?? ???????????????? 23 ?? ??????????????????????????????????????? 37 ?? ??????????????? 24 ?? [ ?????????????? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11" . CBC News. October 29, 2004 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 . al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden appeared in a new message aired on an Arabic TV station Friday night, for the first time claiming direct responsibility for the 2001 attacks against the United States.
  2. ↑ Holmes (2006), pp ??
  3. ↑ Keppel (2008), pp ??
  4. ↑ "Man's death from World Trade Center dust brings Ground Zero toll to 2,753" . NY Daily News . Associated Press. June 18, 2011. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-12-13 . ??????????? September 1, 2011 .
  5. ↑ "Top military officer honors 9/11 Pentagon victims" . Associated Press. September 11, 2010. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2012-01-12 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  6. ↑ "9 Years Later, Nearly 900 9/11 Responders Have Died, Survivors Fight for Compensation" . FOX News. September 11, 2010 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  7. ↑ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 75.
  8. ↑ "1 World Trade Center" . Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2013-12-19 . ??????????? 2011-09-04 .
  9. ↑ "Ground broken for Flight 93 memorial" . The Associated Press . November 8, 2009. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2012-01-13 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  10. ↑ "Memorial takes shape" . Philadelphia Media Network Inc. August 14, 2011 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  11. ↑ "Flight 77, Video 2" . Judicial Watch. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2011-05-25 . ??????????? 2011-06-26 .
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Attack Looms". 9/11 Commission Report . National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. 2004 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  13. ↑ "Flight Path Study ? American Airlines Flight 11" (PDF) . National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002.
  14. ↑ "Flight Path Study ? United Airlines Flight 175" (PDF) . National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002.
  15. ↑ "Flight Path Study ? American Airlines Flight 77" (PDF) . National Transportation Safety Board. February 19, 2002.
  16. ↑ Snyder, David (April 19, 2002). "Families Hear Flight 93's Final Moments" . The Washington Post. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2011-02-24 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  17. ↑ "Text of Flight 93 Recording" . Fox News. April 12, 2006 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  18. ↑ McKinnon, Jim (September 16, 2001). "The phone line from Flight 93 was still open when a GTE operator heard Todd Beamer say: 'Are you guys ready? Let's roll' " . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2018-12-25 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  19. ↑ "Relatives wait for news as rescuers dig" . CNN. September 13, 2001. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2008-05-22 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  20. ↑ Summers and Swan (2011), pp. 58, 463n, 476n.
  21. ↑ Wilgoren, Jodi and Edward Wong (September 13, 2001). "On Doomed Flight, Passengers Vowed To Perish Fighting" . The New York Times . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  22. ↑ Serrano, Richard A. (April 11, 2006). "Moussaoui Jury Hears the Panic From 9/11" . Los Angeles Times . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  23. ↑ Goo, Sara Kehaulani (January 28, 2004). "Hijackers used Mace, knives to take over airplanes" . San Francisco Chronicle . ??????????? 2011-09-01 . {{ cite news }} : ???????????????????? |coauthor= ????????? ????? ( |author= ) ( help )
  24. ↑ Ahlers, Mike M. (January 27, 2004). "9/11 panel: Hijackers may have had utility knives" . CBS News . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 9/11 Commission Report, pp. 4?14.
  26. ↑ "Encore Presentation: Barbara Olson Remembered" . Larry King Live . CNN. January 6, 2002 . ??????????? 2011-09-01 .
  27. ↑ "National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States" . National Commission Upon Terrorist Attacks in the United States. January 27, 2004 . ??????????? January 24, 2008 .
  28. ↑ Summers and Swan (2011), p. 343.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 "We Have Some Planes" (pdf) . The 911 Commission Report . 911 Commission. pp. 20?42 . ??????????? 2011-09-09 .
  30. ↑ "Cheney: Order To Shoot Down Hijacked 9/11 Planes 'Necessary' " . Fox News . September 4, 2011 . ??????????? 2011-09-09 .
  31. ↑ Schrader, Esther (June 18, 2004). "Cheney Gave Order to Shoot Down Jets" . Los Angeles Times . ??????????? 2011-09-09 .
  32. ↑ Greer, Gordon (2005). What Price Security? . iUniverse, Inc. p. 73. ISBN   059535792X .
  33. ↑ Hendrix, Steve (September 8, 2011). "F-16 pilot was ready to give her life on Sept. 11" . The Washington Post . ??????????? 2011-09-09 .
  34. ↑ Viser, Matt (September 11, 2005). "Two pilots revisit their 9/11" . The Boston Globe . ??????????? 2011-09-09 .
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Miller, Bill (May 1, 2002). "Report Assesses Trade Center's Collapse" . The Washington Post . ??????????? 2011-09-02 .
  36. ↑ World Trade Center Building Performance Study , Ch. 5 WTC 7 ? section 5.5.4
  37. ↑ Final Report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Building 7 , p. xxxvii.
  38. ↑ "Profiles of 9/11 ? About 9/11" . The Biography Channel . A&E Television Networks . ??????????? 2011-09-02 .
  39. ↑ Miller, Mark (August 26, 2002). "Broadcasting and Cable" . Broadcasting & Cable . Reed Business Information . ??????????? 2011-09-02 .
  40. ↑ Adams, Marilyn (August 13, 2002). "Part II: No one was sure if hijackers were on board" . USA Today . ??????????? 2011-09-02 . {{ cite news }} : ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author= ) ( help )
  41. ↑ Fouda and Fielding (2004), pp. 158?9.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 {Summers and Swan (2011), p. 323.
  43. ↑ "Al-Qaeda 'plotted nuclear attacks' " . BBC News. September 8, 2002 . ??????????? 2011-09-02 .
  44. ↑ "2006 9/11 Death Toll" . CNN. 2006, April 26 . ??????????? 2006-09-07 . {{ cite news }} : ??????????????????: |date= ( help )
  45. ↑ "24 Remain Missing" . September 11 Victims. 2006, August 12 . ??????????? 2006-09-07 . {{ cite news }} : ??????????????????: |date= ( help )
  46. ↑ "American Airlines Flight 11" . CNN . ??????????? 2006-09-07 .
  47. ↑ "United Airlines Flight 175" . CNN . ??????????? 2006-09-07 .
  48. ↑ "American Airlines Flight 77" . CNN . ??????????? 2006-09-07 .
  49. ↑ "American Airlines Flight 77" . CNN . ??????????? 2006-09-07 .
  50. ↑ Roddy, Dennis B. (2001, October 28). "Flight 93: Forty lives, one destiny" . Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2006-12-05 . ??????????? 2006-09-07 . {{ cite news }} : ??????????????????: |date= ( help )

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