?????????????

???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????? ( ?????? : geostationary orbit ???? Geostationary Earth Orbit , ????????: GEO ) ???????????????????????????????????? 35,786 ???????? (22,236 ????) ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??? 23 ??????? 56 ???? 4 ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1928 ??????????????? Herman Poto?nik ^[1] ????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? Venus Equilateral ??? ????? ??. ??????? ^[2] ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??. ?????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?.?. 1945 ?????????? "Extra-Terrestrial Relays ? Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?" (????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????) ??????????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Venus Equilateral ??????????? ^[3] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[4] ?????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ^[5] ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? 265,000 ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????

????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Noordung, Hermann (1995) [1929]. The Problem With Space Travel . Translation from original German. DIANE Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-7881-1849-4 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help )
↑ "(Korvus's message is sent) to a small, squat building at the outskirts of Northern Landing. It was hurled at the sky. … It … arrived at the relay station tired and worn, … when it reached a space station only five hundred miles above the city of North Landing." Smith, George O. (1976). The Complete Venus Equilateral . New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 3?4. ISBN 0-345-25551-8-185 . {{ cite book }}: ?????????? |isbn=: invalid prefix ( help )
↑ "It is therefore quite possible that these stories influenced me subconsciously when … I worked out the principles of synchronous communications satellistes …", op. cit, p. x
↑ "Extra-Terrestrial Relays ? Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?" (PDF) . Arthur C. Clark. October 1945. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 2009-03-18 . ??????????? 2009-03-04 .
↑ "Basics of Space Flight Section 1 Part 5, Geostationary Orbits" . NASA . ??????????? 2009-06-21 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

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[NASA_SP-4026-1] Noordung, Hermann (1995) [1929]. The Problem With Space Travel . Translation from original German. DIANE Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-7881-1849-4 . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help )

[VE-2] "(Korvus's message is sent) to a small, squat building at the outskirts of Northern Landing. It was hurled at the sky. … It … arrived at the relay station tired and worn, … when it reached a space station only five hundred miles above the city of North Landing." Smith, George O. (1976). The Complete Venus Equilateral . New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 3?4. ISBN 0-345-25551-8-185 . {{ cite book }}: ?????????? |isbn=: invalid prefix ( help )

[VEintro-3] "It is therefore quite possible that these stories influenced me subconsciously when … I worked out the principles of synchronous communications satellistes …", op. cit, p. x

[4] "Extra-Terrestrial Relays ? Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?" (PDF) . Arthur C. Clark. October 1945. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 2009-03-18 . ??????????? 2009-03-04 .

[5] "Basics of Space Flight Section 1 Part 5, Geostationary Orbits" . NASA . ??????????? 2009-06-21 .

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