??????

??????????? ????????????? (Djoser) ?????????????? 3 ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? (Nemes), ?????????????, ?????????????

?????? ( ?????? : Pharaoh ; ??????? ?????? (?/fe?ro?/) ???? ?????? (/?færo?/) ^[1]) ????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ^[2] ?????????????????? "pr-aa" ?????? ???????????? (great house) ?????????????????? ?????????????

?? "??????" ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? "??????" ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????? 18 ??????????????????????? ????????? (Hatshepsut) ?????? ^[3]

???????? [ ??? ]

↑ "Pharaph" . Dictionary.com. 13 June 2012.
↑ Beck, Roger B. (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction . Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell . ISBN 0-395-87274-X . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( ????? )
↑ Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3

??????? [ ??? ]

???????????????

?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[1] "Pharaph" . Dictionary.com. 13 June 2012.

[2] Beck, Roger B. (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction . Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell . ISBN 0-395-87274-X . {{ cite book }}: ???????????????????? |coauthors= ????????? ????? ( |author=) ( help ) CS1 maint: extra punctuation ( ????? )

[DH-3] Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3

[1]

[2]

[3]