????? (???)

????? ; ??????????????????????: 80?0Ma Pre? ? O S D C P T J K Pg N ???????????????????? ? ????????
	?????????? ( Cocos nucifera ) ?? ?????????
??????????????????????????
?????:	?????????
????????:	???
???? :	???????????????
???? :	??????
???? :	?????????????????
???? :	Commelinids
??????:	Arecales
????:	????? (???) ; Bercht. & J.Presl , nom. cons.
??????????
	Areca ;
????????
	Arecoideae ; Calamoideae ; Ceroxyloideae ; Coryphoideae ; Nypoideae ;
????????????
	??????? 2600 ?????? 202 ????
????????
	Palmae ;

????? ( ?????? : palm ) ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? Arecales ??????????????????????????????????? ????????? , ??????? , ????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ^[3] ?????????? ???? ???????????????? 181 ???? ????????????????????? 2,600 ???? ^[4]^[5]

??????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? 80 ???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 30 ????????? ???????????????? 30 ???????

??????????????????????? ??? ?????????????? ( Chamaerops humilis ) ??????????????? ???????????????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ?????????? ( Rhopalostylis sapida ) ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????

??????????????????????????????????? 3,000 ???? (?? ?????????????? ) ?????????????????????????????? ( ???????? ) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??? , ??? , ???? ???????

??????????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????

??????????????????????? 6 ???????? ??????

Arecoideae (???????? ??????? ??????????? ???)
Calamoideae (?????????????)
Ceroxyloideae (??????????? ???)
Coryphoideae (????????, ???, ??? ???)
Nypoideae (??? ?????????)
Phytelephantoideae (??????????? ??????????????)

???????????????? [ ??? ]

???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????

????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????

??????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ????????? (Hyphaene thebaica) ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???? ???????????????????????? ???? ??? ????????????????????? ?????? ???? ???????

??????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??? ???????? (crown) ???????????????????, ????? (Crownshaft) ???????????????? ?????????, ???????????? (trunk) ???????????????????????

????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????? (????????,???????????) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ( ???? , ????????)

?? [ ??? ]

???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????

????????? (Pinnate) ??????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????

????????????????????? (fan leaf, palmate leaf) ??????????? ???????????? (palm) ?????????????????????????????? (palm) ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? (??????) ???????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????

?????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ? ?? ?????????????????????????????????

?? [ ??? ]

???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ???????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? (?????????) ?????????????????????????? ??? ?????????? ( Lodoicea maldivica )

?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????

??? [ ??? ]

???? ???? ??? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????? 3 ???? ??????? 3 ???? ?????????? 3-6 ??? ??????????? ??????????????????? 1-3 ??? ??????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ????

??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 161 (2): 105?121, doi : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
↑ " Arecaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons" . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-13. ???? ????????????????? 2009-08-11 . ??????????? 2009-07-18 .
↑ The name "Palmaceae" is not accepted because the name Arecaceae (and its acceptable alternative Palmae, ICBN Art. 18.5 ???????? 2006-05-24 ??? ?????????????? ) are conserved over other names for the palm family.
↑ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum : progress and prospects in palm systematics" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (??????????). 182 (2): 207?233. doi : 10.1111/boj.12401 .
↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase" . Phytotaxa . 261 (3): 201?217. doi : 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 . ???? ????????????????? 2016-07-29.

???????????? [ ??? ]

Dransfield J., Uhl N.W., Asmussen C.B., Baker W.J., Harley M.M., Lewis C.E. (January 2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae" . Kew Bulletin 60: 559?569. (Latest Arecaceae or Palmae classification.)
Hahn, W. J. (February 2002). "A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Palmae (Arecaceae) Based on atpB, rbcL, and 18S nrDNA Sequences". Systematic Botany 51 (1): 92?112. JSTOR 3070898 .
Schultz-Schultzenstein, C. H. (1832). Naturliches System des Pflanzenreichs... , p. 317 . Berlin, Germany. (?????????????)

??????????????? [ ??? ]

[apgiii-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 161 (2): 105?121, doi : 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x

[2] " Arecaceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons" . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-13. ???? ????????????????? 2009-08-11 . ??????????? 2009-07-18 .

[3] The name "Palmaceae" is not accepted because the name Arecaceae (and its acceptable alternative Palmae, ICBN Art. 18.5 ???????? 2006-05-24 ??? ?????????????? ) are conserved over other names for the palm family.

[4] Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum : progress and prospects in palm systematics" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (??????????). 182 (2): 207?233. doi : 10.1111/boj.12401 .

[Christenhusz-Byng2016-5] Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase" . Phytotaxa . 261 (3): 201?217. doi : 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 . ???? ????????????????? 2016-07-29.

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