???????

??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[1]

???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? 70 ?????????????????????????????????????????? ^[2] ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????-?????? ?????? ?? ?.?. 2020 ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????????? ^[3] ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

????????? (Dry port)

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City . Routledge. pp. 528 . ISBN 9780415252256 .
↑ Asariotis, Regina; Benamara, Hassiba; Mohos-Naray, Viktoria (December 2017). Port Industry Survey on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (PDF) (Report). UN Conference on Trade and Development.
↑ "Maritime ports freight and passenger statistics" (PDF) . Eurostat . ??????????? 18 June 2020 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

Port Industry Statistics, American Association of Port Authorities
Information on yachting facilities at ports around the world from Noonsite.com
Social & Economic Benefits of PORTS from "NOAA Socioeconomics" website initiative
Antunes, Catia: Early Modern Ports, 1500-1750 , European History Online , Mainz: Institute of European History , 2011, retrieved: November 2, 2011.

?????? ????? ???? ?????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[1] Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City . Routledge. pp. 528 . ISBN 9780415252256 .

[:1-2] Asariotis, Regina; Benamara, Hassiba; Mohos-Naray, Viktoria (December 2017). Port Industry Survey on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (PDF) (Report). UN Conference on Trade and Development.

[3] "Maritime ports freight and passenger statistics" (PDF) . Eurostat . ??????????? 18 June 2020 .

[1]

[2]

[3]