????????

????????
Euskaldunak ( ????? )
??????????????
	?. 3 ??????
??????????????????????????????????
???? ; (??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????)	2,410,000
???????? ; (??????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????)	239,000
????? ; (???????????????????????????)	57,793
?????? ; (???????????????????)	6,965
????
	????? ? ???? ? ????????
?????
	?????? (?????????????? ???????????? ), ???? ?

???????? ( ????? : euskaldunak [eus?kaldunak] ; ???? : vascos [?baskos] ; ???????? : basques [bask] ) ???? ??????????????? ?? ???????????????????? ^[6]^[7]^[8] ????? ????????? , ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? Vascones ??? Aquitani ????? ^[9]^[10]^[11]

?????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????-??????? ?????????? ?????????-?????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??? ????????

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 V. inkesta soziolinguistikoa 2011 [ V. Sociolinguistic Survey ] (PDF) (?????????). Vitoria-Gasteiz: Central Publications Service of the Basque Government. 2013. ISBN 978-84-457-3303-5 . ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 1 June 2014 . ??????????? 2 November 2016 .
↑ "INE" . INE. 2013. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 7 November 2014 . ??????????? 5 November 2014 .
↑ "Census 2000: Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" (XLS) . U.S. Census Bureau . 22 January 2007. ???? ????????????????? 23 July 2017 . ??????????? 2 November 2016 .
↑ "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]" . 2.statcan.gc.ca. 2018-03-20. ???? ????????????????? 2018-04-22 . ??????????? 2018-04-16 .
↑ Estadisticas Ensenanzas no Universitarias ? Resultados Detallados ? Curso 2007?2008, Ministry of Education, educacion.es ? Compiled by Fernando Bravo. FP: Formacion Profesional (Vocational training).
↑ "Basque" . Britannica Online for Kids . ???? ????????????????? 11 March 2016 . ??????????? 16 March 2013 .
↑ "Basque" . Oxford Reference online . ???? ????????????????? 24 September 2015 . ??????????? 3 November 2016 .
↑ Totoricaguena, Gloria Pilar (2004). Identity, Culture, and Politics in the Basque Diaspora . University of Nevada Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-87417-547-9 . ??????????? 3 November 2016 . ^{[
?????????
]}
↑ Gunther, Torsten; ?????? (2015). "Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 112 (38): 11917?11922. Bibcode : 2015PNAS..11211917G . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1509851112 . PMC 4586848 . PMID 26351665 .
↑ Olalde, Inigo; ?????? (2019). "The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years" . Science . 363 (6432): 1230?1234. Bibcode : 2019Sci...363.1230O . doi : 10.1126/science.aav4040 . PMC 6436108 . PMID 30872528 .
↑ Bycroft, Clare; ?????? (2019). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula" . Nature Communications . 10 (1): 551. Bibcode : 2019NatCo..10..551B . doi : 10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w . PMC 6358624 . PMID 30710075 .

?????????? [ ??? ]

Allieres, Jacques. The Basques 1977; online 2016 reprint .
The Basques, the Catalans and Spain , Daniele Conversi, 2000, ISBN 1-85065-268-6 .
The Basque History of the World , Mark Kurlansky , 1999, ISBN 0-8027-1349-1 .
The Oldest Europeans , J. F. del Giorgio, A. J. Place, 2006, ISBN 980-6898-00-1 .
Ethnologue report for France for population statistics in France.
Euskal Herria en la Prehistoria , Xabier Penalver Iribarren, 1996, ISBN 84-89077-58-4 .
Gimbutas, Marija , The Living Goddesses (Berkeley: University of California Press , 2001).
Hadingham, Evan (September 1992). "Europe's Mystery People". World Monitor . 5 (9).
Hamilton, Carrie (2000). "Re-membering the Basque nationalist family: Daughters, fathers and the reproduction of the radical nationalist community". Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies . 1 (2): 153?71. doi : 10.1080/713683438 . S2CID 144135906 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

[EuskoJaurlaritzaren2013-1] 1.0 ^1.1 V. inkesta soziolinguistikoa 2011 [ V. Sociolinguistic Survey ] (PDF) (?????????). Vitoria-Gasteiz: Central Publications Service of the Basque Government. 2013. ISBN 978-84-457-3303-5 . ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 1 June 2014 . ??????????? 2 November 2016 .

[2] "INE" . INE. 2013. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 7 November 2014 . ??????????? 5 November 2014 .

[ancestry2000-3] "Census 2000: Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000" (XLS) . U.S. Census Bureau . 22 January 2007. ???? ????????????????? 23 July 2017 . ??????????? 2 November 2016 .

[4] "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]" . 2.statcan.gc.ca. 2018-03-20. ???? ????????????????? 2018-04-22 . ??????????? 2018-04-16 .

[5] Estadisticas Ensenanzas no Universitarias ? Resultados Detallados ? Curso 2007?2008, Ministry of Education, educacion.es ? Compiled by Fernando Bravo. FP: Formacion Profesional (Vocational training).

[6] "Basque" . Britannica Online for Kids . ???? ????????????????? 11 March 2016 . ??????????? 16 March 2013 .

[7] "Basque" . Oxford Reference online . ???? ????????????????? 24 September 2015 . ??????????? 3 November 2016 .

[Totoricaguena2004-8] Totoricaguena, Gloria Pilar (2004). Identity, Culture, and Politics in the Basque Diaspora . University of Nevada Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-87417-547-9 . ??????????? 3 November 2016 . ^{[
?????????
]}

[GüntherValdiosera2015-9] Gunther, Torsten; ?????? (2015). "Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 112 (38): 11917?11922. Bibcode : 2015PNAS..11211917G . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1509851112 . PMC 4586848 . PMID 26351665 .

[Olalde2019-10] Olalde, Inigo; ?????? (2019). "The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years" . Science . 363 (6432): 1230?1234. Bibcode : 2019Sci...363.1230O . doi : 10.1126/science.aav4040 . PMC 6436108 . PMID 30872528 .

[Bycroft2019-11] Bycroft, Clare; ?????? (2019). "Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula" . Nature Communications . 10 (1): 551. Bibcode : 2019NatCo..10..551B . doi : 10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w . PMC 6358624 . PMID 30710075 .

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[2]

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[5]

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[11]

Euskaldunak ( ????? )
??????????????
?. 3 ??????
??????????????????????????????????
???? (??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????)	2,410,000 ^[1]^[2]
???????? (??????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????)	239,000 ^[1]
????? (???????????????????????????)	57,793 ^[3]
?????? (???????????????????)	6,965 ^[4]
????
????? ? ???? ? ????????
?????
?????? (?????????????? ???????????? ), ^[5] ???? ?