???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? FRS
??????????????????? (Resident of Singapore) ????? 2
??????????? 27 ??????? ?.?. 1823 ? 15 ??????? ?.?. 1826
???????????	????? ?????????
????????	????????????????????? 4
????????	????? ???????? ???????
?????	?????????? ????????????????????????
???????????????
????	13 ??????? ?.?. 1783 ( 1783-08-13 ) ?????? ????????? ???????????????
?????????	11 ??????? ?.?. 1868 (1868-05-11) (84 ??) ?????????????? ?????? ????????????
?????????	????
???????	Horatia Ann Perry (????  1820 ; ?????????  1855 )
????	Margaret Campbell Crawfurd (??????) Horatia Charlotte Campbell Crawfurd (??????) Eleanor Charteris Crawfurd (??????) Walter Crawfurd (??????) Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd (??????)
???????	??????? ??????????? (????) ????????? ?????????? (?????)
????????????	????????? ???????????????
?????????	????????????????????
?????	???????, ???, ?????
???????	?????????????????

????? ??????????? FRS ( ?????? : John Crawfurd , 13 ??????? 1783 ? 11 ??????? 1868) ?????????, ????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2364 ????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^{[ ?????????????? ]}

???????????? [ ??? ]

?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?? ?.?. 1803 ??????? 20 ?? ^[1]

??????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? (??????????? ?????????????? ) ???????????????? ? ???? ??? ????? ^[2] ?? ?.?. 1803?1808 ????????????????????????? ???????? ^[3]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????????? [ ??? ]

• Adas, Michael (1990). Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance . Cornell University Press. ISBN   0-8014-9760-4 .
• Beasley, Edward (2010). The Victorian Reinvention of Race: New Racisms and the Problem of Grouping in the Human Sciences . Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-0-203-84498-4 .
• Crawfurd, John (21 August 2006) [originally published 1828]. Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China . Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley. OCLC   03452414 .
• Ellingson, Terry Jay (2001). The Myth of the Noble Savage . University of California Press. ISBN   0520925920 .
• Kling, Blair B. (1976). Partner in Empire: Dwarkanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in Eastern India . University of California Press. p.  71 . ISBN   978-0-520-02927-9 .
• Stafford, Robert A. (2002). Scientist of Empire: Sir Roderick Murchison, Scientific Exploration and Victorian Imperialism . Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-52867-2 .
• Knapman, Gareth (2017). Race and British Colonialism in South-East Asia: John Crawfurd and the politics of equality . Routledge. ISBN   9781138211766

????????? [ ??? ]

• Ernest C. T. Chew (2002), "Dr John Crawfurd (1783?1868): The Scotsman Who Made Singapore British", Raffles Town Club , vol. 8 (July?Sept). Singapore : Raffles Town Club.
• Knapman, Gareth (2017). Race and British Colonialism in South-East Asia: John Crawfurd and the politics of equality . Routledge. ISBN   9781138211766

??????????????? [ ??? ]

• ??????:Wikisource author-inline
• ????????????????????????????????? John Crawfurd
• Royal Geographical Society Obituary
• Obituary from the Sydney Herald
• Infopedia page

??????????

 ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? :  Chisholm, Hugh, ?.?. (1911). "Crawfurd, John"  . ?????????????????? ?.?. 1911 (11 ed.). ??????????????????????????????.