????????????

????????????
	; ; ???????????????????????
??????????
??????? 1	?.?.1865?1871
??????? 2	?.?.1915?1944
??????? 3	?.?.1946?????????
??????
??????? 1	???????
??????? 2	3,000,000?6,000,000 ?? (???????????.?.1924?1925)
??????? 3	5,000?8,000 ??
?????????
????????????????????	Nordicism ; Neo-Confederate (????????????????????) ; White supremacy ; ?????????????? ; ???????????? (???????????????????????) ; ?????????????? ((???????????????????????) ; ??????????????????????? (???????????????????????) ; Christian terrorism ; Anti-Catholicism (??????????) ; ???????? (??????????) ; ?????????? (???????????????????????) ; ???????????? (??????????) ; ???????? (??????????) ; ????????????? (??????????) ; ???????-LGBT (??????????) ;
??????????????????	?????? ; ?????????????
???????? ????????	Protestantism (??????????) ; Christian Identity (???????????????????????)

?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?? 1977

???????????????? ????????????/????????????/???????????? ???????????????????????????

???????????? ( ?????? : Ku Klux Klan, ???: KKK ) ????????????? ? ??? " ???????? " (the Klan) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (white supremacy) ?????????????? (white nationalism) ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (Nordicism) ^[8]^[9] ????????????????? ^[10]^[11] ??? ????????????? ^[11] ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[12] ?????????????????????????? "??????????????" ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1860 ?????????????????????????? 1870 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Reconstruction Era) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????? 1871 ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[17]^[18]

?????????????????????????? 1915 ????????????????????????????????????????????? 1920 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[6] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1950 ????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (hate group) ^[19] ???? 2016 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3,000 ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 6,000 ?? ^[20]

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ McVeigh, Rory. "Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915?1925." Social Forces , Vol. 77, No. 4 (June 1999), p. 1463.
↑ "Ku Klux Klan" . Southern Poverty Law Center . ???? ????????????????? ??????? 19, 2013 . ??????????? ?????????? 7, 2013 .
↑ ??????????????: ???????? <ref> ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? pegram
↑ Al-Khattar, Aref M. (2003). Religion and terrorism: an interfaith perspective . Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. pp. 21, 30, 55.
↑ Michael, Robert, and Philip Rosen. Dictionary of antisemitism from the earliest times to the present . Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, 1997, p. 267.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kelly Baker, Gospel According to the Klan: The KKK's Appeal to Protestant America, 1915?1930 (U Press of Kadas, 2011)
↑ Barkun, pp. 60?85.
↑ Petersen, William. Against the Stream: Reflections of an Unconventional Demographer . Transaction Publishers. p. 89. ISBN 9781412816663 . ??????????? 8 May 2016 .
↑ Pratt Guterl, Matthew (2009). The Color of Race in America, 1900-1940 . Harvard University Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780674038059 .
↑ Pitsula, James M. (2013). Keeping Canada British: The Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Saskatchewan . UBC Press. ISBN 9780774824927 .
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Brooks, Michael E. (2014). The Ku Klux Klan in Wood County, Ohio . The History Press. ISBN 9781626193345 .
↑ O'Donnell, Patrick (Editor), 2006. Ku Klux Klan America's First Terrorists Exposed , p. 210. ISBN 1-4196-4978-7 .
↑ Rory McVeigh, The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: Right-Wing Movements and National Politics (2009).
↑ Matthew N. Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America (2000), ch. 3, 5, 13.
↑ Chalmers, David Mark, 2003. Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement , p. 163. ISBN 978-0-7425-2311-1 .
↑ Charles Quarles, 1999. The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations: A History and Analysis , p. 100. McFarland.
↑ See, e.g., Klanwatch Project (2011), illustrations, pp. 9?10.
↑ Elaine Frantz Parsons, "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". Journal of American History 92.3 (2005) : 811?36.
↑ Both the Anti-Defamation League ???????? 2012-10-03 ??? ?????????????? and the Southern Poverty Law Center include it in their lists of hate groups. See also Brian Levin, "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America", in Perry, Barbara (ed.), Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader , Routledge, 2003, p. 112.
↑ "At 150, KKK sees opportunities in US political trends" (?????????????????????). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2016-07-01 . ??????????? 2016-07-02 .

[1] McVeigh, Rory. "Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915?1925." Social Forces , Vol. 77, No. 4 (June 1999), p. 1463.

[Ku_Klux_Klan-2] "Ku Klux Klan" . Southern Poverty Law Center . ???? ????????????????? ??????? 19, 2013 . ??????????? ?????????? 7, 2013 .

[pegram-3] ??????????????: ???????? <ref> ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????? pegram

[4] Al-Khattar, Aref M. (2003). Religion and terrorism: an interfaith perspective . Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. pp. 21, 30, 55.

[5] Michael, Robert, and Philip Rosen. Dictionary of antisemitism from the earliest times to the present . Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, 1997, p. 267.

[Kelly_Baker_2011-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kelly Baker, Gospel According to the Klan: The KKK's Appeal to Protestant America, 1915?1930 (U Press of Kadas, 2011)

[7] Barkun, pp. 60?85.

[petersen-8] Petersen, William. Against the Stream: Reflections of an Unconventional Demographer . Transaction Publishers. p. 89. ISBN 9781412816663 . ??????????? 8 May 2016 .

[guterl-9] Pratt Guterl, Matthew (2009). The Color of Race in America, 1900-1940 . Harvard University Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780674038059 .

[pitsula-10] Pitsula, James M. (2013). Keeping Canada British: The Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Saskatchewan . UBC Press. ISBN 9780774824927 .

[michaelbrooks-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Brooks, Michael E. (2014). The Ku Klux Klan in Wood County, Ohio . The History Press. ISBN 9781626193345 .

[12] O'Donnell, Patrick (Editor), 2006. Ku Klux Klan America's First Terrorists Exposed , p. 210. ISBN 1-4196-4978-7 .

[13] Rory McVeigh, The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: Right-Wing Movements and National Politics (2009).

[14] Matthew N. Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America (2000), ch. 3, 5, 13.

[15] Chalmers, David Mark, 2003. Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan Helped the Civil Rights Movement , p. 163. ISBN 978-0-7425-2311-1 .

[Quarles-16] Charles Quarles, 1999. The Ku Klux Klan and Related American Racialist and Antisemitic Organizations: A History and Analysis , p. 100. McFarland.

[17] See, e.g., Klanwatch Project (2011), illustrations, pp. 9?10.

[18] Elaine Frantz Parsons, "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". Journal of American History 92.3 (2005) : 811?36.

[19] Both the Anti-Defamation League ???????? 2012-10-03 ??? ?????????????? and the Southern Poverty Law Center include it in their lists of hate groups. See also Brian Levin, "Cyberhate: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Extremists' Use of Computer Networks in America", in Perry, Barbara (ed.), Hate and Bias Crime: A Reader , Routledge, 2003, p. 112.

[20] "At 150, KKK sees opportunities in US political trends" (?????????????????????). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2016-07-01 . ??????????? 2016-07-02 .

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