?????????????????

?????? ??????? ????????????????? ( ?????? : gravitational wave ) ???????????????? ???????? ?? ???????-???? ????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????? ^[1] ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?.?. 1916 ^[2]^[3] ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ^[4]^[5] ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ( ?????? : gravitational radiation ) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Lorentz invariance) ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?.?. 2016 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2015 ^[6] ????????????????? ?.?. 2016 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

???? [ ??? ]

?? ????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????-???? ??????????????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????-???????????????????????????????????????? ^[14] ???????????????????????????????????????-???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????????? "?????????????????"

????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????-?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Inspiral) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????? 1 ?????? 10 ²⁰ ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? 1 ?????? 5 × 10 ²² (?? ?.?. 2012) ???????????????????????? ^[15] ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? (recombination) ????????????????????????????? ^[16] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? 10 ^?7 ??????? ????? 10 ¹¹ ?????? ^[17]

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Overbye, Dennis (12 February 2016). "Physicists Detect Gravitational Waves, Proving Einstein Right" . New York Times . ??????????? 12 February 2016 .
↑ Einstein, A (June 1916). "Naherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation" . Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin . part 1: 688?696.
↑ Einstein, A (1918). "Uber Gravitationswellen" . Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin . part 1: 154?167.
↑ Finley, Dave. "Einstein's gravity theory passes toughest test yet: Bizarre binary star system pushes study of relativity to new limits" . Phys.Org.
↑ The Detection of Gravitational Waves using LIGO, B. Barish
↑ "The Newest Search for Gravitational Waves has Begun" . LIGO Caltech . LIGO . 18 September 2015 . ??????????? 29 November 2015 .
↑ Clark, Stuart (2016-02-11). "Gravitational waves: scientists announce 'we did it!' ? live" . the Guardian . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .
↑ Castelvecchi, Davide; Witze, Witze (February 11, 2016). "Einstein's gravitational waves found at last" . Nature News . doi : 10.1038/nature.2016.19361 . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .
↑ B.?P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters . 116 (6). doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 . {{ cite journal }}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( ????? )
↑ "Gravitational waves detected 100 years after Einstein's prediction | NSF - National Science Foundation" . www.nsf.gov . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .
↑ Staff (17 March 2014). "BICEP2 2014 Results Release" . National Science Foundation . ??????????? 18 March 2014 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( ????? )
↑ Clavin, Whitney (17 March 2014). "NASA Technology Views Birth of the Universe" . NASA . ??????????? 17 March 2014 .
↑ Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang" . New York Times . ??????????? 17 March 2014 .
↑ ??????:Cite serial
↑ LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Virgo Collaboration (2012). "Search for Gravitational Waves from Low Mass Compact Binary Coalescence in LIGO's Sixth Science Run and Virgo's Science Runs 2 and 3". Physical Review D . 85 : 082002. arXiv : 1111.7314 . Bibcode : 2012PhRvD..85h2002A . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.082002 .
↑ Krauss, LM; Dodelson, S; Meyer, S (2010). "Primordial Gravitational Waves and Cosmology". Science . 328 (5981): 989?992. arXiv : 1004.2504 . Bibcode : 2010Sci...328..989K . doi : 10.1126/science.1179541 . PMID 20489015 .
↑ Hawking, S. W.; Israel, W. (1979). General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 0-521-22285-0 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

Gravitational waves ??? ??????????????????
Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory . LIGO Laboratory, operated by the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Caltech Relativity Tutorial ???????? 2014-05-30 ??? ?????????????? ? A basic introduction to gravitational waves

?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[NYT-20160212-1] Overbye, Dennis (12 February 2016). "Physicists Detect Gravitational Waves, Proving Einstein Right" . New York Times . ??????????? 12 February 2016 .

[2] Einstein, A (June 1916). "Naherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation" . Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin . part 1: 688?696.

[3] Einstein, A (1918). "Uber Gravitationswellen" . Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin . part 1: 154?167.

[4] Finley, Dave. "Einstein's gravity theory passes toughest test yet: Bizarre binary star system pushes study of relativity to new limits" . Phys.Org.

[5] The Detection of Gravitational Waves using LIGO, B. Barish

[6] "The Newest Search for Gravitational Waves has Begun" . LIGO Caltech . LIGO . 18 September 2015 . ??????????? 29 November 2015 .

[Clark_2016-7] Clark, Stuart (2016-02-11). "Gravitational waves: scientists announce 'we did it!' ? live" . the Guardian . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .

[Discovery_2016-8] Castelvecchi, Davide; Witze, Witze (February 11, 2016). "Einstein's gravitational waves found at last" . Nature News . doi : 10.1038/nature.2016.19361 . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .

[9] B.?P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters . 116 (6). doi : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 . {{ cite journal }}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( ????? )

[10] "Gravitational waves detected 100 years after Einstein's prediction | NSF - National Science Foundation" . www.nsf.gov . ??????????? 2016-02-11 .

[BICEP2-2014-11] Staff (17 March 2014). "BICEP2 2014 Results Release" . National Science Foundation . ??????????? 18 March 2014 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter ( ????? )

[NASA-20140317-12] Clavin, Whitney (17 March 2014). "NASA Technology Views Birth of the Universe" . NASA . ??????????? 17 March 2014 .

[NYT-20140317-13] Overbye, Dennis (17 March 2014). "Detection of Waves in Space Buttresses Landmark Theory of Big Bang" . New York Times . ??????????? 17 March 2014 .

[HTUW-14] ??????:Cite serial

[15] LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Virgo Collaboration (2012). "Search for Gravitational Waves from Low Mass Compact Binary Coalescence in LIGO's Sixth Science Run and Virgo's Science Runs 2 and 3". Physical Review D . 85 : 082002. arXiv : 1111.7314 . Bibcode : 2012PhRvD..85h2002A . doi : 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.082002 .

[16] Krauss, LM; Dodelson, S; Meyer, S (2010). "Primordial Gravitational Waves and Cosmology". Science . 328 (5981): 989?992. arXiv : 1004.2504 . Bibcode : 2010Sci...328..989K . doi : 10.1126/science.1179541 . PMID 20489015 .

[HI-17] Hawking, S. W.; Israel, W. (1979). General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 0-521-22285-0 .

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