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????????????????????? - ?????????? ?????????????

?????????????????????

????????????? ?????????????
???????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????? (Matt Daigle, ????????????????????????? Mothering ?? ?.?. 2006)

????????????????????? ( ?????? : breastfeeding, nursing ) ?????????? ?? ?????????????????????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? [1] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [2] [3] [4]

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (????????????????? ?????) ????????????????????? (???? ????????????????) ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? [5] ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [6] ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [3]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????? (American Academy of Pediatrics) ??????????????????????????????????????? [7] [8]

????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????? (Lactation) ??? ??????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????

???????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????, ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 500-600 ?????? ???????????????????? [9] ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????, ????????????????????, ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????? ??? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????? (Foremilk) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ????????????? (Hindmilk) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? Human Lactation Research Group ???????? 2007-08-31 ??? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? (Peter Hartmann) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????? [ ??? ]

???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? [10] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [11]

??????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ???, ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????????????????

?  ?????????????????????????????????????? [8]

??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ( Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ???? SIDS) ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
  1. ??? ??????? (Allergies) [12]
  2. ??? ?????? (Asthma) [13] [14]
  3. ??? ??????? (Autoimmune thyroid diseases) [15]
  4. ??? ???????????????????????????????????? (Bacterial meningitis) [8]
  5. ??? ???????????? (Breast cancer) [10]
  6. ??? ??????????? (Celiac disease) [16]
  7. ??? ?????? (Crohn's disease) [17]
  8. ??? ??????? (Diabetes) [8] [11]
  9. ??? ???????? (Diarrhea) [8] [11]
  10. ??? ???????????????????? (Eczema) [18]
  11. ????????????????????????? (Gastroenteritis) [19]
  12. ?????????????????????????????????? (Hodgkin's lymphoma) [8] [11]
  13. ?????????????????????? (Necrotizing enterocolitis) [8]
  14. ??????????????????????? (Multiple sclerosis) [15]
  15. ??? ???? (Obesity) [8] [11]
  16. ?????????????????????????? (Otitis media) [8] [11]
  17. ??? ?????????????????????? (Respiratory infection ??? Wheeze) [8] [11]
  18. ???????????? ????????? (Rheumatoid arthritis) [20]
  19. ??? ???????????????????????? (Urinary tract infection) [8]

?????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [21] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? [22]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [23] [24] ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? 98% ???????????????????????????????????

  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????? 4 ??????? ???????????? ??????? 6 ??????? ???????????? ?????????????
  • ??????????????? 6 ???????????????????????????????? 2??????3 ??
  • ????????????????????????????????? 56 ???????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? (????????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ???

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ Picciano M (2001). "Nutrient composition of human milk". Pediatr Clin North Am . 48 (1): 53?67. PMID 11236733 .
  2. ↑ Kramer M, Kakuma R (2002). "Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding". Cochrane Database Syst Rev : CD003517. PMID 11869667 .
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Baker R (2003). "Human milk substitutes. An American perspective". Minerva Pediatr . 55 (3): 195?207. PMID 12900706 .
  4. ↑ Agostoni C, Haschke F (2003). "Infant formulas. Recent developments and new issues". Minerva Pediatr . 55 (3): 181?94. PMID 12900705 .
  5. ↑ Riordan JM (1997). "The cost of not breastfeeding: a commentary" . J Hum Lact . 13 (2): 93?97. PMID 9233193 . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2010-07-11 . ??????????? 2007-09-28 .
  6. ↑ Horton S (1996). "Breastfeeding promotion and priority setting in health" . PMID   10158457 .
  7. ↑ "Exclusive Breastfeeding" . WHO: Child and Adolescent Health and Development . ??????????? 2006-05-03 .
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Gartner LM; ?????? (2005). "Breastfeeding and the use of human milk" . Pediatrics . 115 (2): 496?506. doi : 10.1542/peds.2004-2491 . PMID 15687461 . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2007-08-26 . ??????????? 2007-09-28 .
  9. ↑ "Breastfeeding Guidelines" . Rady Children's Hospital San Diego. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2004-06-23 . ??????????? 2007-03-04 .
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Breastfeeding" . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . ??????????? 2007-01-23 .
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 "Benefits of Breastfeeding" . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2009-03-16 . ??????????? 2007-01-23 .
  12. ↑ Kull I, Wickman M, Lilja G, Nordvall S, Pershagen G (2002). "Breast feeding and allergic diseases in infants-a prospective birth cohort study" . Arch Dis Child . 87 (6): 478?81. PMID 12456543 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  13. ↑ [W H Oddy, senior research officer http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/319/7213/815 Asthma BMJ 1999]
  14. ↑ [Oddy 2004 Journal of Asthma 2004 Sept. http://jhl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/250 ???????? 2010-06-29 ??? ?????????????? A review of the effects of breastfeeding on respiratory infections, atopy, and childhood asthma]
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Fort P, Moses N, Fasano M, Goldberg T, Lifshitz F (1990). "Breast and soy-formula feedings in early infancy and the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children". J Am Coll Nutr . 9 (2): 164?7. PMID 2338464 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  16. ↑ Akobeng A, Ramanan A, Buchan I, Heller R (2006). "Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies" . Arch Dis Child . 91 (1): 39?43. PMID 16287899 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  17. ↑ Rigas A, Rigas B, Glassman M, Yen Y, Lan S, Petridou E, Hsieh C, Trichopoulos D (1993). "Breast-feeding and maternal smoking in the etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in childhood". Ann Epidemiol . 3 (4): 387?92. PMID 8275215 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  18. ↑ Pratt H (1984). "Breastfeeding and eczema". Early Hum Dev . 9 (3): 283?90. PMID 6734490 .
  19. ↑ "Gastroenteritis" . Merck Manuals Online Medical Library . 1 February 2003. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
  20. ↑ Jacobsson L, Jacobsson M, Askling J, Knowler W (2003). "Perinatal characteristics and risk of rheumatoid arthritis". BMJ . 326 (7398): 1068?9. PMID 12750209 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  21. ↑ Dettwyler K ; Stuart-Macadam P (1995). Breastfeeding: Biocultural Perspectives . Aldine Transaction. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-202-01192-9 .
  22. ↑ Chua S, Arulkumaran S, Lim I, Selamat N, Ratnam S (1994). "Influence of breastfeeding and nipple stimulation on postpartum uterine activity". Br J Obstet Gynaecol . 101 (9): 804?5. PMID 7947531 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  23. ↑ Dewey K, Heinig M, Nommsen L (1993). "Maternal weight-loss patterns during prolonged lactation". Am J Clin Nutr . 58 (2): 162?6. PMID 8338042 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )
  24. ↑ Lovelady C, Garner K, Moreno K, Williams J (2000). "The effect of weight loss in overweight, lactating women on the growth of their infants". N Engl J Med . 342 (7): 449?53. PMID 10675424 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( ????? )

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