????????

???????? ( ?????? : underwater diving ) ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[1]

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 40 ???? (130 ???) ^[2]^[3] ?????????????????????????????? 530 ???? (1,740 ???) ???????????????????????????? 610 ???? (2,000 ???) ???????????? atmospheric suit ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ^[4]^[5]^[6]

????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????? (freediving) [ ??? ]

???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[7] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3 ??? ???????????????? ??????????? (snorkeling) ??????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????? Apnea ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? (snorkel) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ^[7]^[13]

????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (surface-supplied diving equipment ???? SSDE) ^[14]

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ Kot, Jacek (2011). Educational and Training Standards for Physicians in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine (PDF) . Kiel, Germany: Joint Educational Subcommittee of the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine (ECHM) and the European Diving Technical Committee (EDTC) . ??????????? 30 March 2013 .
↑ Staff. "Competencies of a recreational scuba diver at level 2 "Autonomous Diver" " . EUF Certification International. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 29 October 2013 . ??????????? 29 September 2013 .
↑ Brylske, A. (2006). Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving (3rd ed.). Rancho Santa Margarita, California: PADI . ISBN 1-878663-01-1 .
↑ Comex SA. "Innovation in extreme environments" . Compagnie maritime d'expertises . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2016-10-05 . ??????????? 11 November 2016 .
↑ Logico, Mark G. (4 August 2006). "Navy Chief Submerges 2,000 Feet, Sets Record, Story Number: NNS060804-10" . Official Website of the United States Navy . U.S. Navy . ??????????? 3 November 2016 .
↑ Staff (2016). "Hardsuit depth record" . Nuytco Research Ltd. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2018-06-29 . ??????????? 24 September 2016 .
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Busuttili, Mike; Holbrook, Mike; Ridley, Gordon; Todd, Mike, ?.?. (1985). "Using basic equipment". Sport diving ? The British Sub-Aqua Club Diving Manual . London: Stanley Paul & Co Ltd. p. 58. ISBN 0-09-163831-3 .
↑ Ostrovsky, Igor. "Aquathon" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2013-05-16 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .
↑ Ucuzal, Levent. "Apnoea" . History of Underwater Sports . Rome: World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-19 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .
↑ Staff. "Hockey" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .
↑ Wiesner, Rudi. "Rugby" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .
↑ Staff. "Spearfishing" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .
↑ North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Environmental Impact Statement (Report). Vol. 1. Arlington, Virginia: Office of Naval Research. 2001. pp. 3?45.
↑ US Navy Diving Manual (2006) , Chapter 1 Section 3 Scuba Diving.

[ECHM-EDTM_2011-1] Kot, Jacek (2011). Educational and Training Standards for Physicians in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine (PDF) . Kiel, Germany: Joint Educational Subcommittee of the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine (ECHM) and the European Diving Technical Committee (EDTC) . ??????????? 30 March 2013 .

[EUF-2] Staff. "Competencies of a recreational scuba diver at level 2 "Autonomous Diver" " . EUF Certification International. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 29 October 2013 . ??????????? 29 September 2013 .

[padi1-3] Brylske, A. (2006). Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving (3rd ed.). Rancho Santa Margarita, California: PADI . ISBN 1-878663-01-1 .

[Hydra_8-4] Comex SA. "Innovation in extreme environments" . Compagnie maritime d'expertises . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2016-10-05 . ??????????? 11 November 2016 .

[Depth_record-5] Logico, Mark G. (4 August 2006). "Navy Chief Submerges 2,000 Feet, Sets Record, Story Number: NNS060804-10" . Official Website of the United States Navy . U.S. Navy . ??????????? 3 November 2016 .

[Nuytco-6] Staff (2016). "Hardsuit depth record" . Nuytco Research Ltd. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2018-06-29 . ??????????? 24 September 2016 .

[BSAC_Sport_Diving-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Busuttili, Mike; Holbrook, Mike; Ridley, Gordon; Todd, Mike, ?.?. (1985). "Using basic equipment". Sport diving ? The British Sub-Aqua Club Diving Manual . London: Stanley Paul & Co Ltd. p. 58. ISBN 0-09-163831-3 .

[Aquathon-8] Ostrovsky, Igor. "Aquathon" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2013-05-16 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .

[Apnoea-9] Ucuzal, Levent. "Apnoea" . History of Underwater Sports . Rome: World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-19 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .

[Hockey-10] Staff. "Hockey" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .

[Rugby-11] Wiesner, Rudi. "Rugby" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .

[Spearfishing-12] Staff. "Spearfishing" . History of Underwater Sports . World Underwater Federation (CMAS). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-08 . ??????????? 9 November 2016 .

[NPAL-13] North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Environmental Impact Statement (Report). Vol. 1. Arlington, Virginia: Office of Naval Research. 2001. pp. 3?45.

[FOOTNOTE''US_Navy_Diving_Manual''2006Chapter_1_Section_3_Scuba_Diving-14] US Navy Diving Manual (2006) , Chapter 1 Section 3 Scuba Diving.

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