??????

??????
????
	IUPAC names 6- (hydroxymethyl) oxane ; -2,3,4,5-tetrol OR (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R) -6 - (hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro -2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
	???????? Dextrose
??????????
?????????? CAS	( D -glucose) ; 921-60-8 ( L -glucose) 50-99-7 ( D -glucose) ; 921-60-8 ( L -glucose) ;
3D model ( JSmol )	??????????????? ;
??????	Glc
???????????	71358 ;
?????? CID	5793 ;
	SMILES C (C1C (C (C (C (O1) O) O) O) O) O ;
?????????
????????	C 6 H 12 O 6
??????????	180.156 g mol ?1
???????????	1.54 g cm ?3
???????????	α - D -glucose: 146 °C ; β - D -glucose: 150 °C
????????
?????????????? ( C )	218.6 J/(K·mol)
Std molar ; entropy ( S ? 298 )	209.2 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of ; formation (Δ f H ? 298 )	?1271 kJ/mol
????????????????????? ????????????? (HHV)	2,805 kJ/mol (670 kcal/mol)
??????????
ATC code	B05CX01 ( WHO ) V04 CA02 , V06 DC01
???????????
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 1 0
??????????????????????? (SDS)	ICSC 08655
	???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? 25 °C, 100 kPa ??????????????????

?????? ( ?????? : Glucose ; ????? : Glc) ???????????????? ????????????? (monosaccharide) ???????????????????? ^[3] ??????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? (metabolic intermediate) ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? (photosynthesis) ????????????????????????? ???????????????? (cellular respiration) ????????????????????????????????? ( D -glucose) ?????????????????????? ????????? (dextrose) ??????????????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

??????????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ??????????????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????? ^[4]
????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????? (Glycogenolysis) ????????????????????? ???????? ??? ???? ^[5]
??????? ??????????????????????? ??? ??? ?? ^[6] ?????????????? (intermediates) ????????????????????? (non-carbohydrate) ???? ??????? (pyruvate) ??? ????????? (glycerol) ??????????????????????? ???????????????? (gluconeogenesis)

??????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ^[7] ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? (cassava) ^[7] ????????????????? (arrowroot) ??? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????? (?????????????) ?????????????????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????????

?????????????????????????????? 2 ??????? ??????

??????????????????????? 1?2 ??????? ?????????????? 100 °C ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 5?10 ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 130 °C ??????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ?????????????? (saccharification) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (glucoamylase) ??? ??????? ????????????????????? (Aspergillus niger) ^[8] ??????????????????????????????????????? pH 4.6?5.2, 55?60 °C ^[9] ?????????????????????????????????????????? 30?35% ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 96% ?????????????? 1?4 ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? (multiple-effect evaporator) ??-?????????????????????????????? ????????? (crystallization)

??????? [ ??? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam. , 23 (5): 403?09, doi : 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4
↑ Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) , 34 : 1182?83
↑ Domb, Abraham J.; Kost, Joseph; Wiseman, David (1998-02-04). Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers . p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4200-4936-7 .
↑ "Chemistry for Biologists: Photosynthesis" . www.rsc.org . ???? ????????????????? 2016-08-04 . ??????????? 2018-02-05 .
↑ Smith, Alison M.; Zeeman, Samuel C.; Smith, Steven M. (2005). "Starch Degradation". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol . 56 : 73?98. doi : 10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144257 . PMID 15862090 .
↑ Leszek Szablewski: Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance. Bentham Science Publishers, 2011, ISBN 978-1-608-05189-2 , p. 46.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 P. J. Fellows: Food Processing Technology. Woodhead Publishing , 2016, ISBN 978-0-081-00523-1 , p. 197.
↑ Norman, B. E. (1982). "A Novel Debranching Enzyme for Application in the Glucose Syrup Industry". Starch ? Starke . 34 (10): 340?346. doi : 10.1002/star.19820341005 .
↑ Encyclopedia of Food and Health (??????????). Academic Press. 2015. p. 239. ISBN 9780123849533 . ???? ????????????????? 2018-02-23.

??????????????? [ ??? ]

"Glucose" . Drug Information Portal . U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Dextrose mixture with sodium chloride" . Drug Information Portal . U.S. National Library of Medicine.

?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[Boerio-Goates_1991_403–9-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Boerio-Goates, Juliana (1991), "Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K", J. Chem. Thermodynam. , 23 (5): 403?09, doi : 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4

[2] Ponomarev, V. V.; Migarskaya, L. B. (1960), "Heats of combustion of some amino-acids", Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) , 34 : 1182?83

[DombKost1998-3] Domb, Abraham J.; Kost, Joseph; Wiseman, David (1998-02-04). Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers . p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4200-4936-7 .

[4] "Chemistry for Biologists: Photosynthesis" . www.rsc.org . ???? ????????????????? 2016-08-04 . ??????????? 2018-02-05 .

[5] Smith, Alison M.; Zeeman, Samuel C.; Smith, Steven M. (2005). "Starch Degradation". Annu. Rev. Plant Biol . 56 : 73?98. doi : 10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144257 . PMID 15862090 .

[Szablewski-6] Leszek Szablewski: Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance. Bentham Science Publishers, 2011, ISBN 978-1-608-05189-2 , p. 46.

[Fellows-7] 7.0 ^7.1 P. J. Fellows: Food Processing Technology. Woodhead Publishing , 2016, ISBN 978-0-081-00523-1 , p. 197.

[Norman-8] Norman, B. E. (1982). "A Novel Debranching Enzyme for Application in the Glucose Syrup Industry". Starch ? Starke . 34 (10): 340?346. doi : 10.1002/star.19820341005 .

[Encyclopedia_of_Food_and_Health-9] Encyclopedia of Food and Health (??????????). Academic Press. 2015. p. 239. ISBN 9780123849533 . ???? ????????????????? 2018-02-23.

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