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????????????

????????????? ?????????????
????????????
Space-filling model
Ball-and-stick model
S=O bond length = 142.2 pm,
S-O bond length = 157.4 pm,
O-H bond length = 97 pm
????
IUPAC name
Sulfuric acid
????????
Oil of vitriol
Hydrogen sulfate
??????????
3D model ( JSmol )
ChEBI
ChEMBL
???????????
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.763 แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ
EC Number
  • 231-639-5
????? E513 (acidity regulators, ...)
2122
KEGG
RTECS number
  • WS5600000
UNII
UN number 1830
  • InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)   checkY
    Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N   checkY
  • InChI=1/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)
    Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYAC
  • OS(=O)(=O)O
?????????
H 2 SO 4 , sometimes expressed (HO) 2 SO 2
?????????? 98.079 g/mol
??????????????? Colorless viscous liquid
????? Odorless
??????????? 1.8302 g/cm 3 , liquid [1]
??????????? 10.31 [1] ???????????? (50.56 ?????????????; 283.46 ??????)
???????? 337 [1] ???????????? (639 ?????????????; 610 ??????)
When sulfuric acid is above 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K), it gradually decomposes to SO 3 + H 2 O
miscible, exothermic
????????? 0.001 mmHg (20 °C) [2]
pKa p K a1 = ?2.8
p K a2 = 1.99
??? Bisulfate
???????? 26.7 cP (20 °C)
????????? [3]
monoclinic
C2/c
a  = 818.1(2) pm, b  = 469.60(10) pm, c  = 856.3(2) pm
α = 90°, β = 111.39(3)
°, γ = 90°
4
????????
Std molar
entropy ( S ? 298 )
157 J/(mol·K) [4]
?814 kJ/mol [4]
???????????
GHS labelling :
The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
???????
H314
P260 , P264 , P280 , P301+P330+P331 , P303+P361+P353 , P304+P340 , P305+P351+P338 , P310 , P321 , P363 , P405 , P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer
3
0
2
W
OX
???????? Non-flammable
15 mg/m 3 (IDLH), 1 mg/m 3 (TWA), 2 mg/m 3 (STEL)
?????? ??????????????? (LD, LC):
LD 50 ( median dose )
2140 mg/kg (rat, oral) [5]
  • 50 mg/m 3 (guinea pig, 8 hr)
  • 510 mg/m 3 (rat, 2 hr)
  • 320 mg/m 3 (mouse, 2 hr)
  • 18 mg/m 3 (guinea pig)
[5]
87 mg/m 3 (guinea pig, 2.75 hr) [5]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 1 mg/m 3 [2]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 mg/m 3 [2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
15 mg/m 3 [2]
??????????????????????? (SDS) External MSDS
?????????????????????????????
strong acids ?????????????
??????????????????????
???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? 25 °C, 100 kPa

?????????? ???? ???????????? ( ?????? : sulfuric acid ???? sulphuric acid ) ????????????? H 2 S O 4 ???? ?????? (mineral acid) ??? ????????????????????????????? ???????? ????? (Jabir Ibn Hayyan) ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???? ?.?. 2001 ??????????????????????? 165 ??????? ???????????????? 320,000 ??????? (8 ???????????????????) ??????????????????????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? "Zayt al-Zaj" ???? "????????????????" (oil of vitriol)

???????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????? 100% ????????????????? SO 3 ??????????????????????????????????????????????? 98.3% ?????????????? 98% ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ("concentrated" sulfuric acid) ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????:

  • 33.5%, ????? ???????????? (battery acid) ????? ?????????????????????-???
  • 62.18%, ????? ???????? (chamber) ???? ??????? (fertilizer acid)
  • 77.67%, ????? ??????? (tower) ???? ??????????? (Glover acid)
  • 98%, ????? ???????????? ??????? (concentrated) (???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????3-5???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????) ??? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????

??????? [ ??? ]

  • Chenier, Philip J. Survey of Industrial Chemistry , pp 45-57. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987. ISBN 0-471-01077-4 .
  • Greenwood, N.N. and A. Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements , pp 837-845. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1984. ISBN 0-08-022057-6 .
  • Handbook of Chemistry and Physics , 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.
  • Khairallah, Amin A. Outline of Arabic Contributions to Medicine , chapter 10. Beirut, 1946.
Stub icon

?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Haynes, William M. (2014). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (??????????) (95 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4?92. ISBN   9781482208689 . ??????????? 18 November 2018 .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0577" . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Kemnitz, E.; Werner, C.; Trojanov, S. (15 November 1996). "Reinvestigation of Crystalline Sulfuric Acid and Oxonium Hydrogensulfate". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications . 52 (11): 2665?2668. doi : 10.1107/S0108270196006749 .
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed . Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN   978-0-618-94690-7 .
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Sulfuric acid" . Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH) . National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
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