????????

????????, ₀₀Ti
????????
Pronunciation	/ t a? ? t e? n i ? m / ; ( ty -TAY- nee -?m ) ; / t ? ? t e? n i ? m / ; ( tih -TAY- nee -?m ) ;
Appearance	silvery grey-white metallic
Standard atomic weight A r °(Ti)
	47.867 ± 0.001 ; 47.867 ± 0.001 ( abridged ) ;
???????? in the periodic table
	????????? ← ???????? → ????????
Group	???:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[ Ar ] 3d 2 4s 2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1941 K (1668 °C, 3034 °F)
Boiling point	3560 K (3287 °C, 5949 °F)
Density (near r.t. )	4.506 g/cm 3
when liquid (at m.p. )	4.11 g/cm 3
Heat of fusion	14.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	425 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.060 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation state s	?2, ?1, 0, +1, +2 , +3 , +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.54
Ionization energies	( more ) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 147 pm
Covalent radius	160±8 pm
	Spectral line s of ????????
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5,090 m/s (at r.t. )
Thermal expansion	8.6 μm/(m?K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	21.9 W/(m?K)
Electrical resistivity	420 n Ω?m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	116 GPa
Shear modulus	44 GPa
Bulk modulus	110 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.32
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	970 MPa
Brinell hardness	716 MPa
CAS Number	7440-32-6
History
Discovery	William Gregor (1791)
First isolation	Jons Jakob Berzelius (1825)
Named by	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1795)
Isotopes of ???????? v ; e ;
	Template:infobox ???????? isotopes does not exist
	Category: ???????? ; view ; talk ; edit ; \| references

???????? ?? ????? . ???? ?????? Ti, ?????? ????? 22. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ????????? (transition) ????? ???????? ???? , ???????????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??????? 1791 ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????.

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↑ "titanium" . Lexico UK English Dictionary . Oxford University Press . Archived from the original on 2019-12-20.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Titanium" . CIAAW . 1993.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ????????). doi : 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
↑ Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G. Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium?sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO) ₆:[Ti(CO) ₄(S ₂CNR ₂)] ^?". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639?2641. doi : 10.1039/B700808B . PMID 17579764 .
↑ Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF) . J. Chem. Phys . 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode : 2003JChPh.118.3543A . doi : 10.1063/1.1539848 .
↑ Andersson, N. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF) . J. Chem. Phys . 118 : 10543. Bibcode : 2003JChPh.118.3543A . doi : 10.1063/1.1539848 .

[1] "titanium" . Lexico UK English Dictionary . Oxford University Press . Archived from the original on 2019-12-20.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Titanium" . CIAAW . 1993.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ????????). doi : 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .

[4] Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G. Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium?sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO) ₆:[Ti(CO) ₄(S ₂CNR ₂)] ^?". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639?2641. doi : 10.1039/B700808B . PMID 17579764 .

[5] Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF) . J. Chem. Phys . 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode : 2003JChPh.118.3543A . doi : 10.1063/1.1539848 .

[6] Andersson, N. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF) . J. Chem. Phys . 118 : 10543. Bibcode : 2003JChPh.118.3543A . doi : 10.1063/1.1539848 .

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