???????????

??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[1]

?????? [ ?????? ]

? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? (MGE) 1885?? ????????????. ^[2] ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????, ???????????? ???????.??? ?? ????????? ???????. ^[3]^[4]1884?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 1884?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????. ????????? 1885?? ???????? ?????????????. ? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? (PNHS) ??? ??????????. ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ^[1] ???????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ????????, ??? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????. ^[5] ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????? , ????????, ???????? , ?????, ?????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????. ^[6] ?????? ??????, ???? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ^[7]^[8] ????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????. ^[1] 1887??, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????.

?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ??????, ????????? ????? 20? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????. ^[9]^[10] ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???????.

1990???, MGE ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????? . ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????.

????????????? [ ?????? ]

???????????? ????????? ??????, ???????, ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????????? (HHCP) ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????. ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????. ? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????. 2001??, MGE ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? (HMVM) ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????. ^[11]

?????????, ???????? 5 ????? 10? ????? ???? ?????? 2,400 ???? ???????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? , ???????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????? ????-???????? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ????????? 10? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ??????? 90 ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????.

?????? ????? ???????????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ????? (1866 -1950) - ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? 1890??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ^[12]^[13]
???????? ????????? (1874 -1936) - ??? ????????, ??????????? ,????? ^[14]^[15]

???????? ?????? (1889 - 1957) - ???? ????????? ??????????? - ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ^[16]

????????? ???????? ????? (1892 -1973) - ??????????? ????????? ????????? ^[17]

?????????? ???????? (1901 - 1980) - ??????? ????????

?????? ????? (1905 ? 11 ?????? 1970) - ?????? ??????? ???????????? & ???? ????????????

????? ??????? (?? ??????? ???) - ??????? ????????

???? ?????? (8 ?????? 1917 ? 2001) - ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????

????? ?????? (19 ???????? 1922 ? 6 ???? 2002) - ????? ????? ????????, ????????

?????? ???? (1929-2017) - ?????, ???????? ?????

???? ???????? (1938-) - ??????????????, ????? ????????

?????? ????????? (1952-) - ?? ????? ????????????

???? ???? (1958- 2017) - ???????, ?????? ??? ^[18]

?????? ???????? (1971-) - ???
??????? ???????? - ???. ??? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????. ^[19]

???????? ???????? (1998-) - ???. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ^[20]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Chandra, Shefali (2009). "Mimicry, Masculinity, and the Mystique of Indian English: Western India, 1870-1900" . The Journal of Asian Studies . 68 (1): 199?225. doi : 10.1017/S0021911809000023 . JSTOR 20619679 .
↑ Ghurye, G. S. (1954). Social Change in Maharashtra, II. Sociological Bulletin, page 51.
↑ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed. (2002). Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth and twentieth century India (1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 239. ISBN 978-8125021926 . Retrieved 12 September 2016 .
↑ "Huzurpaga" . Huzurpaga .
↑ Richard Sorabji, Opening Doors: The Untold Story of Cornelia Sorabji, Reformer, Lawyer and Champion of Women's Rights in India (Penguin Books India 2010):13-14. ISBN 9781848853751
↑ Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed. (2002). Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth and twentieth century India (1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 240. ISBN 978-8125021926 . Retrieved 12 September 2016 .
↑ Rao, Parimala V. (January 2008). "Women's Education and the Nationalist Response in Western India: Part II?Higher Education". Indian Journal of Gender Studies . 15 (1): 141?148. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.899.6299 . doi : 10.1177/097152150701500108 . S2CID 143961063 .
↑ Rao, Parimala V. (June 2007). "Women's Education and the Nationalist Response in Western India: Part I?Basic Education". Indian Journal of Gender Studies . 14 (2): 307?316. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.901.4831 . doi : 10.1177/097152150701400206 . S2CID 197651677 .
↑ Feinberg, Miriam P.; Shapiro, Miriam Klein (2010). Hear Her Voice! Twelve Jewish Women Who Changed the World (First ed.). Pitspopany Press. ISBN 978-1936068029 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .
↑ Roland, Joan G. (1998). The Jewish communities of India : identity in a colonial era (2. ed.). New Brunswick [u.a.]: Transaction Publ. p. 318. ISBN 978-0765804396 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .
↑ Mahila Vanijya Mahavidyalaya (HMVM) ^{[
permanent dead link
]}
↑ Kosambi, Meera, ed. (2000). Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra . Orient Blackswan. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-250-1878-0 .
↑ Ellen E. McDonald (1963). The New Brahmans: Five Maharashtrian Families . University of California Press. p. 74. GGKEY:U3PU2CLAUDR.
↑ Anagol, Padma (2006). The emergence of feminism in India, 1850-1920 . Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 231. ISBN 978-0754634119 . Retrieved 11 November 2016 .
↑ Das, Sisir Kumar (1991). A history of Indian literature, 1800-1910 : western impact: Indian response (Reprint. ed.). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 250. ISBN 978-8172010065 .
↑ Feinberg, Miriam P.; Shapiro, Miriam Klein (2010). Hear Her Voice! Twelve Jewish Women Who Changed the World (First ed.). Pitspopany Press. ISBN 978-1936068029 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .
↑ Srivastava, Gouri (2000). Women's higher education in the 19th century . New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 190. ISBN 9788170228233 . Retrieved 20 December 2016 .
↑ "???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????" (in Marathi). Zee News . 18 May 2017 . Retrieved 18 May 2017 . ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
↑ "In full swing" . Pune Mirror . No. July 29, 2012. BENNETT, COLEMAN & CO. LTD. 2012 . Retrieved 1 June 2020 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}
↑ "Prajakta Gaikwad a warrior queen in reel and real life" . Punekar News . No. November 11, 2019.

[Chandra2009-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Chandra, Shefali (2009). "Mimicry, Masculinity, and the Mystique of Indian English: Western India, 1870-1900" . The Journal of Asian Studies . 68 (1): 199?225. doi : 10.1017/S0021911809000023 . JSTOR 20619679 .

[2] Ghurye, G. S. (1954). Social Change in Maharashtra, II. Sociological Bulletin, page 51.

[3] Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed. (2002). Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth and twentieth century India (1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 239. ISBN 978-8125021926 . Retrieved 12 September 2016 .

[4] "Huzurpaga" . Huzurpaga .

[Doors-5] Richard Sorabji, Opening Doors: The Untold Story of Cornelia Sorabji, Reformer, Lawyer and Champion of Women's Rights in India (Penguin Books India 2010):13-14. ISBN 9781848853751

[6] Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed. (2002). Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth and twentieth century India (1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 240. ISBN 978-8125021926 . Retrieved 12 September 2016 .

[7] Rao, Parimala V. (January 2008). "Women's Education and the Nationalist Response in Western India: Part II?Higher Education". Indian Journal of Gender Studies . 15 (1): 141?148. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.899.6299 . doi : 10.1177/097152150701500108 . S2CID 143961063 .

[8] Rao, Parimala V. (June 2007). "Women's Education and the Nationalist Response in Western India: Part I?Basic Education". Indian Journal of Gender Studies . 14 (2): 307?316. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.901.4831 . doi : 10.1177/097152150701400206 . S2CID 197651677 .

[9] Feinberg, Miriam P.; Shapiro, Miriam Klein (2010). Hear Her Voice! Twelve Jewish Women Who Changed the World (First ed.). Pitspopany Press. ISBN 978-1936068029 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .

[10] Roland, Joan G. (1998). The Jewish communities of India : identity in a colonial era (2. ed.). New Brunswick [u.a.]: Transaction Publ. p. 318. ISBN 978-0765804396 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .

[11] Mahila Vanijya Mahavidyalaya (HMVM) ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[12] Kosambi, Meera, ed. (2000). Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra . Orient Blackswan. p. 109. ISBN 978-81-250-1878-0 .

[McDonald1963-13] Ellen E. McDonald (1963). The New Brahmans: Five Maharashtrian Families . University of California Press. p. 74. GGKEY:U3PU2CLAUDR.

[14] Anagol, Padma (2006). The emergence of feminism in India, 1850-1920 . Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 231. ISBN 978-0754634119 . Retrieved 11 November 2016 .

[15] Das, Sisir Kumar (1991). A history of Indian literature, 1800-1910 : western impact: Indian response (Reprint. ed.). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 250. ISBN 978-8172010065 .

[16] Feinberg, Miriam P.; Shapiro, Miriam Klein (2010). Hear Her Voice! Twelve Jewish Women Who Changed the World (First ed.). Pitspopany Press. ISBN 978-1936068029 . Retrieved 6 November 2016 .

[17] Srivastava, Gouri (2000). Women's higher education in the 19th century . New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. p. 190. ISBN 9788170228233 . Retrieved 20 December 2016 .

[18] "???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????" (in Marathi). Zee News . 18 May 2017 . Retrieved 18 May 2017 . ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )

[19] "In full swing" . Pune Mirror . No. July 29, 2012. BENNETT, COLEMAN & CO. LTD. 2012 . Retrieved 1 June 2020 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[20] "Prajakta Gaikwad a warrior queen in reel and real life" . Punekar News . No. November 11, 2019.

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