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??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? , ?????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ???????? . [1] [2] [3] ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????. ????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????? ?????, ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. ????? ?????? Indian Psychiatric Society ???? ???????????. ?????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? (???????????). ? ?????? ?????? , ???????? , ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????. 2007?, ?????????? ??????? ?????????????, ???????????, ??????? ?????????, ????????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????????????? ???????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

????????? , ?????? ????? , ???????? II , ????????? [4] ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [8]

????? 377 ??????? ?? 149 ???? ?????? ????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1860? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? 377 ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????????. 1861 ????? ??? ???????? ????????. ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ‘?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????. ? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????’ ??? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ‘????? ????? ???????? ?????’?? ????????????????? ? 377 ?????????? 1935?? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????????????. ??????? (????? ???????) ?? ???? 377 ?????????? ????????. ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? 377? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????. ?????????? ? ????????? 1967?? ???? ??????. 21 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????, 2009?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????. [10] [11] [12] '??????? ???????' ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????. [10] [11] [12] ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? 127? ?????? ????????. [13] ?????, ??????? '????????????????' ??????? ????, ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ???? [ ?????? ]

  • ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????.
  • ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????.
  • ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????, ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????. ????????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????.
  • ”???? ????????. ???? ??????????????. ???????? ?????????????? ????????' ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????????????. ????? ???? ???, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? '??' ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????. 2006?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ? ????????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? 2008?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????.??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????. ???????? ???????? 1935???? ‘??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????.????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ?????????’ ???????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????. ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ‘??????????’ ???? ‘????????’ '?????????' ???? ???? ??? ?????. ???, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????. ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ????.?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????.????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????. ?????????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????. ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????.??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? 1861 ???? ????????? ??????? ????????.? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? 377? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? '???????????? ??????' ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ????? 377 ???????? '??????? ?????????????' ?????????????????. ??? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????????.??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? . ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????, ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ? ?????? ???? ????, ????????????, ????????? ?????? ?????????.?????? ??? ?????, ????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????.????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????, ????????????.?????? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ????????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ‘????? ??????? ’???????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????,?????,????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ” (????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????????, ??????? ?????????, ???? (??) ???? ????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ????? , ???? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ??????????, ???? ??????, ????? ?????????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??????, ?????????????????????? ?????????, ?????????? , ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ???????????, ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ....)

???????? ???? [ ?????? ]

National laws
   Marriage
   Other partnerships
   Laws against expression
   Fines or prison (not applied)
   Fines or prison
   Death penalty (not applied)
   Death penalty
UN declarations on LGBT rights
   Supporting (2008 or 2011)
   In opposition

????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? [ ?????? ]

-2001?? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? (?????) ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? (?????) ????? ???????.

-2004 ?????????? 2? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

-2004 ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????

-2004 ?????? 3? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????????.

-2004 ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ???????????.

-2006 ???????? 3? ?????? ?????? ??????????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????.

-2008 ?????????? 18? ?????? ?????? ???, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????.

-2008 ?????????? 25? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ??????.

-2008 ?????????? 26? ?????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

-2008 ???????? 15? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????.

-2008 ?????? 7? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

-2009 ???? 2? ??????? 377 ???? ????????????? ???????? 14, 15, 21? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????????. [10] [11] [12]

-2009 ???? 9? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????.

-2013 ???????? 11? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? 377 ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. [14]

-2018 ?????????? 6? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? 377?? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????, ?? ????? ????? 2013 ???????? ?????????????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????. [15]

?????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? - 2009 [ ?????? ]

  • ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????
  • ???????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????
  • ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? (?????) 377? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????.
  • ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????.
  • ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? 377 ??????????????.
  • 18 ?????, ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
  • ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????.
  • ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????.
  • ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????.
  • ????????? ???????? 377 ???????? ????????, ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????.

???? ?????? ??????????? ( ????????????? ) ?????? - 2013 [ ?????? ]

??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????????. ? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? 2009 ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ? ????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????????, ??? ??????, ????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? 377?? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????. ????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????.????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ?????? 2009?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???.??.?????????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????.

??????? ?????? ????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

1.?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????, ???? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???????? 2.????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? 3.????????????????, ??????????????, ???????????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? 14, 15, 21 ????????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????. 4. 1950 ????? ??????? 30 ?????? ???????. 2013?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????. ? ?????????? ????? ??????? 172? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ??????? 377?? ???????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????.

?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

53 ???????????? ??????? ?????????? , ?????????? ???? 41 ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????. ???????? , ????????, ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????.

??????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

   ??????? ????????

??????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????. 2001?? ? ??????? ?????????. ? ?????? ???????, ??????????? , ???????????? , ???????? , ????? , ?????????????, ??????? , ?????? , ????????? , ???????? , ???????? , ???????? , ???????????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????. ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????. ????????? ?????? ???????? , ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ????? 12.12.2013 ? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????.

????? ??????????? [ ?????? ]

????? ??? [ ?????? ]

  • ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????.?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????.
  • ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????.
  • ?????? ?????????? 60.??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????, ? ?????? ???????????. ?????? 60 ???? ???????? ???????????.???? ????.
  • ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????.?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????.
  • ???????????? ????????????????, ???????????????????, ???????, ??????, ???, ????????, ????????, ??????, ??????, ????????, ???? ????? ????????????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????. ? ??????????????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????????? ??????????.
  • ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.?????? ??????? ???????, ????????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????.
  • ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????.
  • ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????.??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????. ?????? ???? ??????????. ????????? ????????. ????????????????/???????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????.
  • ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????.???? ????????????, ?????????????????, ????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????. ????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????????????.
  • ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ????, ????????? ????????, ???????? ?? ????????, ????? ?????, ??? ?????.. ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????.
  • ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????. ????????, ????????????, ???????? ???????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????. ????????????? ???? ?????? ??? , ?????? , ???? , ????? , ????? , ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????

????????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????. "???? 1:26 ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. ???? 1:27 ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????????. ???? 1:28, ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????."

  • ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????; ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????. (?????? ?????? 31:17,18)
  • ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????:
  1. ???? ?????--- ???? ????? ???????????. (“Ruth clave onto her." Ruth 1:14)
  2. ??????-???????? ----???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????;???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????. (1 ??????? 18:1). ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????. (The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul (1 Samuel 18:1).they kissed one another and wept with one another, until David exceeded (1 Samuel 20:41)
  3. ???????? ????????? --- ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????? ( God had brought Daniel into favor and tender love with Ashpenaz the prince of the eunuchs (Daniel 1:9)
  • ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????.???????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? .???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????.???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? (???????1,2,6). ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????. ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????.?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????.??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????.
  • ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????.???????, ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????.???????? ??????????? ?????????????????. (???.??.5:27-39)
  • ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????, ????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????. ? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. (?????? 19:12)
  • ????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. (1 ???????????? 6:9,10)
  • ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????, ????????????? ???????????? ( 1 ??????1:9,10)

?????? [ ?????? ]

  • ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ????????? (?????? 29:28)
  • ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? (?????? 26:166)
  • ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????! ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????!! ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????! ?????? ??????????????? (??????7:80-81)
  • ? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????. ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ???? ???? ????. (?????? 11:82-83)
  • ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????.?????????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????.??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????.?????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????.
  • ??????????????, ????????? ? ????? ?????????? 72 ???? ??????? ????? ( ????? ????? ??? ??????).
  • ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???????????.
  • ????????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. (??????? ???????? ???)
  • ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????????.

????????????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????: ??????? ???????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? 450 ???? ???????? ????????, ?????????, ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ????? ???????? ???????? (??????????????? ?????????) ???????? ??????????.

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?????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ???? . 377 ? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ????????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ????.??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????, ???????, ?????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????.???? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????.??????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????????????????. ????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ?????????, ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????????.?????? ??????????? ????????? ????.??? ?????????????.????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????.????????? ????, ????????? ???? .?????? ??????? ???? . ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????.??? ?????.??????????? ????????? ????????.??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ?????????????.??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ??????? ???????????? ???????????.????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????.?????? ???????????. [16]

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1. ????  : ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????.

2. ????  : ????? ??????????? ????? ????, ???????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????.

3. ?????? ???????  : ????????????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? (????) ??????.

4. ??????????????? (????????): ???????? ?????? ????????? ????, ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? (???????? - ????) ??????. (????????? ?????? ??????)

5. ??????????????? (?????) : ? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????????.

6. ????????/??????????/??????: ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????????. ???, ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????. ????????????, ???????, ????????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????.

????????????   ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? 75 ????? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????. ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????????. ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????... ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????.

???????, ???????, ??????, ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ???????????????????, ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????. ?????, ????????, ????????, ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? (?????????), ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ????, ???????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????, ?????, ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????????, ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

?????????... ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????. ???????????? 110??.??. ?????? ???? ? ???? 1857?? ?????????????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? 15 ????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ????????? ??? ??????????. ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????.

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  1. ↑ "Definitions Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity in APA Documents" (PDF) . ???????? ?????????? ?????????? . 2015. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020 . Retrieved 6 February 2020 . Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attracted. ... [It is] one's enduring sexual attraction to male partners, female partners, or both. Sexual orientation may be heterosexual, samesex (gay or lesbian), or bisexual. ... A person may be attracted to men, women, both, neither, or to people who are genderqueer, androgynous, or have other gender identities. Individuals may identify as lesbian, gay, heterosexual, bisexual, queer, pansexual, or asexual, among others. ... Categories of sexual orientation typically have included attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction to members of the other sex (heterosexuals), and attraction to members of both sexes (bisexuals). While these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories and instead occurs on a continuum .... Some people identify as pansexual or queer in terms of their sexual orientation, which means they define their sexual orientation outside of the gender binary of 'male' and 'female' only.
  2. ↑ ????? B. ????????; ?????? A. ???? (2016). Cross-Cultural Psychology: Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications, Sixth Edition . ?????? & ?????????? . p. 216. ISBN   978-1134871315 . Sexual orientation refers to romantic or sexual attraction to people of a specific sex or gender. ... Heterosexuality, along with bisexuality and homosexuality are at least three main categories of the continuum of sexual orientation. ... Homosexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction between persons of the same sex or gender.
  3. ↑ ?????? R. ???????; ?????????? ??????; ?????? ???; ???????? M. ??????; ???? ????????; ?????????? ?????????????, eds. (2019). The Equal Curriculum: The Student and Educator Guide to LGBTQ Health . ?????????? ????? . p. 5. ISBN   978-3030240257 . Homosexual, literally meaning "same sex", is used as an adjective to describe same-sex or same-gender attraction. ... The term introduces ambiguity because is often applied as an identity label to a person or group based on their behaviors, not because of self-identified sexual orientation or sexual desires. ... in addition to having potentially negative connotations, homosexual is unclear as to what group of people it describes...
  4. ↑ Roman Homosexuality By Craig Arthur Williams, p.60
  5. ↑ ( Foucault 1986 )
  6. ↑ Buxton, Richard (2004). "Same-Sex Eroticism". The Complete World of Greek Mythology . London: Thames and Hudson. pp.  174 . ISBN   0500251215 . As scholars have increasingly come to recognize, the ancient Greek world did not know of the modern 'life-style' category-distinction between homosexuality and heterosexuality, according to which those terms are used to designate contrasting psychological or behavioral profiles.
  7. ↑ Hubbard Thomas K (22 September 2003). "Review of David M. Halperin, How to Do the History of Homosexuality. ". en:Bryn Mawr Classical Review .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Boswell, John (1989). "Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories" (PDF) . In Duberman, Martin Bauml; Vicinus, Martha; Chauncey Jr., George (eds.). Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past . Penguin Books. pp. 17?36. S2CID   34904667 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2019.
  9. ↑ Norton, Rictor (2016). Myth of the Modern Homosexual . Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN   9781474286923 . The author has made adapted and expanded portions of this book available online as A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory .
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Delhi high court decriminalizes homosexuality" . www.livemint.com . 2 July 2009 . Retrieved 10 July 2018 .
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Indian court decriminalises homosexuality in Delhi" . the Guardian (in ????????). 2 July 2009 . Retrieved 10 July 2018 .
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Delhi High Court overturns ban on gay sex" . IN (in Indian English). Archived from the original on 10 ???? 2018 . Retrieved 10 July 2018 .
  13. ↑ "HC verdict makes India 127th country to legalise homosexuality (ndtv.com)" (in Indian English) . Retrieved 16 August 2022 .
  14. ↑ "Suresh Kumar Kaushal vs. Naz Foundation: A Critical Analysis" . www.lawctopus.com (in ???????? ????????). 2014-07-21 . Retrieved 2022-02-01 .
  15. ↑ "India Just Decriminalized Gay Sex" . BuzzFeed News (in ????????) . Retrieved 2018-09-06 .
  16. ↑ "??????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2013-12-25 . Retrieved 2013-12-18 .
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