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Satyendra Nath Bose
?????????? ??? ???
1925 ?? ????????????? ????
???? ( 1894-01-01 ) 1894 ????? 1
???????? , ???????? ??????
???? 1974 ???????? 4 (1974-02-04) (???? 80)
???????, ????????
?????? ??????
?????? ?????????
??????? ????? ????????? , ???? ?????????
????????????? ??????? ?????????????? , ???? ??????????????
?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????
????????? Bose?Einstein condensate
Bose?Einstein statistics
Bose gas
???????? ??????????? ???? ???????
Fellow of the Royal Society
1930??? ???? ???????????????? ????

????????????? ???? (FRS) [1] ( Bengali : ?????????? ??? ??? ) ( ????? 1 , 1894 - ???????? 4 , 1974 ) ???? ??? ????? ????????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????. ???? 1920 ??? ??????? ????????????? ????-?????????? ??????????????, ????-?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????.?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? 1954 ?? ??????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????-????? ?????? ???? ?????? [2] ??????? ??????. [3] [4] [5]

???? ????? ???????, ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ???????? , ????? ????????, ???? ???????? , ??? ???????? , ??? ??????? ???????? , ???? ???????? , ???? , ???????? , ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????????.

????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. ???? ?????????? ????????? 48 ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? "????? ??????" ?? ??????. 1909 ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? , ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????. ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????. ??.??.?????????? , ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ????????????? ???? ??.??????? "????????? ???? ???????? "?? ?????? ??????? ???????? 1913 ?? ????? ???????? ????????????????. 1915 ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??.????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ??????. [6]

??.????? ?????? ????? ?????? 1916 ?? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????????.??? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. [6]

????????????? ???? ?? 20 ? ?????????? "??????"?? ?????? ????????????. [7] ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? 1974?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????. [6]

???? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? , ?????? , ???????, ?????? , ???????? ???????, ????????? , ?????????? ?????? , ???????? ???????? ???? ??????????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????. [8] ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? , ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. 1916 ????? 1921 ???? ??????? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ????, ???? 1919 ?? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????.

1921 ?? ???? ????????????, ???????? ???????????, ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????.??.?????, ??.????? (??????) ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????????????? (????????????????), ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????. [9] ????????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????, 1918 ????? ?????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????.

1924 ?? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????????, ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????. ? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????????, ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????. ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????????. ? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????? ?????-??, ???????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????. ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????, ???? ?????? , ?????????????? ????? ?????????. [8] [10] [11] [12] ??????? ???? ??????, ???? 1926 ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????. ???? ???? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????????, ???? ????????????. ???? ?? ?????-?? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????.

???????? ??????????????, ???????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ????????, ???? ??????????????, ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????, ???????????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????. ???? 1945 ???? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????????????. ??????? ????? ??????????????, ???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? 1956 ???? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????????????. [13] [14] [15] ???????????? ???? ?????-????? ?????????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????????. ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????????????, ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. [16]

??????????????? ????, ????????????, ?????????? (???????, ????????) ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????????????, ??????????????, ????????????, ???? ?????? ????????, ??????????, ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ???????, ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????, ? ?????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???? ???????? ???????????. [11] [17] [18]

??? ???? ??????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? 1920??? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????-?????????? ????????????????? ????????????????. ???? ????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????????? ????????? , ??????? ???? , ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ????????(??????????) ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ??????? ????? '??????' ?????????????? '? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????' ??? ???????????????. ???? ????????????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ??? ????????, ???? ??????????????, ??????, ?????, ?????, ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??????????? ???? ???????????????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????????? '??????' ???? ??? ???????????????. ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????(???????????) ???????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????. [19]

????-?????????? ?????????????? [ ?????? ]

Velocity-distribution data of a gas of rubidium atoms, confirming the discovery of a new phase of matter, the Bose?Einstein condensate . [20] Left: just before the appearance of a Bose?Einstein condensate. Center: just after the appearance of the condensate. Right: after further evaporation, leaving a sample of nearly pure condensate.

????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????, [21] ???? ?? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????. ? ????????????? ???????? ??????????, ???? ????????? "???????????-????????????? ??????" ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? h 3 ????????????? ????? ????, ???? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ??????????????. ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????,<div

???? ? ???????????? "?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????" ??? ????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????. [22]

“????? ???, ?? ???????, ????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ???????? ?????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? 8π ν 2 / c 3 ?? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????. ??-????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? h 3 ????? ??????? ?????????. ? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ????????? "??????????????? ??? ???????" ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????. ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????????. ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????,???? ???? ???????. ???? ? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????.”

?????????? ?????? ???????????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? "?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????" ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????. 1934?? ???? ??????? "????????????? ??? ??????" ????????????. [23]

???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????. ???????? ???????, ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? ??? ????????????, ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. (??????-?????=?????-??????)

???? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????-?????????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ??????????, ?????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. [23]

?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? "???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????" ??? ???????, ???? ???? ?????????? "????" ??? ????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????, ???????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????.

????????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???????????????? ??? ??????????????? ????
Bust of Satyendra Nath Bose which is placed in the garden of Birla Industrial & Technological Museum .

1937 ??, ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????, "?????-??????" ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ??????? 1954 ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????. 1959 ??, ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ? ?????? 15 ?????????? ????????????. 1986 ?? "???.???. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????" ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????. [24] [25] ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????.

??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????????, ???????????? ???? ?????????. 1958 ??, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????.???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ????????? [ ?????? ]

???.???.???? ???? ???????? ????-?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??.??????? (1956), ??.???.?????? (1959), ???.???.????? (1962), ?.??.????? (1962) ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ????????, ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? 12 ????? 1956 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????:

1994?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????
  1. ???? (????) ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? "???? ????????"?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????????, ? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????????.
  2. 1953 ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? "??????? ?????? ?????" ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????. [26] [27] [28]

????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????????, ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? "????????" ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????. [4] [5] ???? ????????????? ?????, ????-?????????? ????????,????-?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

????? (????? ???????) [ ?????? ]

  • Bose (1924), "Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese", Zeitschrift fur Physik (in German), 26 (1): 178?181, Bibcode : 1924ZPhy...26..178B , doi : 10.1007/BF01327326 {{ citation }} : CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link ) .

?????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ PDF
  2. ↑ Notes on Dirac's lecture Developments in Atomic Theory at Le Palais de la Decouverte, 6 December 1945, UKNATARCHI Dirac Papers BW83/2/257889. See note 64 to p. 331 in The Strangest Man by Graham Farmelo.
  3. ↑ Subramanian, Samanth (6 July 2012). "For the Indian Father of the 'God Particle,' a Long Journey from Dhaka" . [New York Times . Retrieved 7 July 2012 .
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Daigle, Katy (10 July 2012). "India: Enough about Higgs, let's discuss the boson" . AP News . Retrieved 10 July 2012 . ??????? ????: ??????? <ref> ??????; "AP-20120710" ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bal, Hartosh Singh (19 September 2012). "The Bose in the Boson" . New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 ?????????? 2012 . Retrieved 21 September 2012 . ??????? ????: ??????? <ref> ??????; "NYT-20120919" ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dr. V. B. Kamble (January 2002). "Vigyan Prasar" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2013-04-19 .
  7. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xvii (Foreword).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dr Subodh Mahanti. "Satyendra Nath Bose, The Creator of Quantum Statistics" . Vigyan Prasar.
  9. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xvii, xviii, xx (Foreword).
  10. ↑ M.R.Shanbhag. "Personalities :: Scientist" . Calcuttaweb. Archived from the original on 2002-08-02.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 J J O'Connor and E F Robertson (October 2003). "Satyendranath Bose" . The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
  12. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xx-xxiii (Foreword).
  13. ↑ M.R.Shanbhag. "Personalities :: Scientist" . Calcuttaweb. Archived from the original on 2002-08-02.
  14. ↑ Dr Subodh Mahanti. "Satyendra Nath Bose, The Creator of Quantum Statistics" . Vigyan Prasar.
  15. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xxx, xxiv (Foreword).
  16. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xxxvi, xxxviii (Foreword).
  17. ↑ Wali 2009 , p. xxiv, xxxix (Foreword).
  18. ↑ Bose, Satyendranath (1894-1974) , Michel Barran, wolfram.com
  19. ↑ Pratap (2012-07-05). "??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????" . telugu.oneindia.com . Archived from the original on 2020-02-29 . Retrieved 2020-02-29 .
  20. ↑ "Quantum Physics; Bose Einstein condensate" , Image Gallery , NIST, 11 March 2006 .
  21. ↑ MR, Shanbhag. "Satyendra Nath Bose (January 1, 1894 February 4, 1974)" . Indian Statistical Institute.
  22. ↑ G. Venkataraman (1992). Bose And His Statistics . Universities Press. p. 14. ISBN   978-81-7371-036-0 .
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Wali 2009 , p. 414.
  24. ↑ Wali 2009 , pp. xxxiv, xxxviii.
  25. ↑ Ghose, Partha (3 January 2012), "Original vision" , The Telegraph (Opinion), IN .
  26. ↑ Singh, Rajinder (2016) India's Nobel Prize Nominators and Nominees ? The Praxis of Nomination and Geographical Distribution , Shaker Publisher, Aachen, pp. 26?27. ISBN   978-3-8440-4315-0
  27. ↑ Singh, Rajinder (2016) Die Nobelpreise und die indische Elite , Shaker Verlag, Aachen, pp. 24?25. ISBN   978-3-8440-4429-4
  28. ↑ Singh, Rajinder (2016) Chemistry and Physics Nobel Prizes ? India's Contribution , Shaker Verlag, Aachen. ISBN   978-3-8440-4669-4

????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ?????????? Satyendranath Bose ?? ????????? ????????? ???????.
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