??????? ????????????

??????? ????????????
??????? ????????????
????	???? 30 , 1854 ; ??????????
????	1938 ?????? 2 (???? 83)
??? ??????	?????????
?????????????	???????? (??????) ; ??????? (?????) ;

??????? ??????????? ( ???? 30 , 1854 - ?????? 2 , 1938 ) ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????. ????????? ?? ???????????.

????? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????????? 1854 , ???? 30? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ( ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????) ??????????. ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ???????????, ?? 14? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. 1874?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????. ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? , ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????. ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????. 1875?? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. ^[1]

???? ????????? [ ?????? ]

??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???? (1877), ???? ???????? ???? (1883), ???? ??????? ???? (1933) ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????????. ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ??????, ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.

???????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ‘ ???? ?????? ’ ?????. ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ???? ????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????.

1875?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? (1880), ?????? ??? ??????? (1882), ???????? ?????? ??????? (1884).

????? [ ?????? ]

??? ?????? 7 ???????? ????????. ? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ??????????????? ???????????????.

1. ?????????? (???-1883, ???????-1886) 2. ?????????????? (???-1884, ???????-1889) 3. ?????? ????????? (???-1891, ???????-1893) 4. ??? ??????? (1900) 5. ???????? ????????? (1906) 6. ???????????? ???????? (1903, 1929) 7. ???????????? (???-1931, ???????-1932).

???????????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

"???? ?? ??? ???-???? ?????? ???" ???? ??????? ??? ?????? . ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? (15? ??????????? ????) ??????. ^[2] ?????? 1903?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ^[3] ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????, ??????? ???? 1903 ?? ??????????????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot, Volume 5 edited by Mohan Lal
↑ Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu. Bhavabh?ti (1974 ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 392. ISBN 8120811801 .
↑ ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????.

??? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ????????????, ????? ??????? , ?????????? ?????????? ????????, 1950. ??????: 147-51.

[1] Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot, Volume 5 edited by Mohan Lal

[2] Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu. Bhavabh?ti (1974 ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 392. ISBN 8120811801 .

[3] ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????.

[1]

[2]

[3]

??????? ????????????

????	???? 30 , 1854 ??????????
????	1938 ?????? 2 (1938-03-02) (???? 83)
??? ??????	?????????
?????????????	???????? (??????) ??????? (?????)