???????? ???????????
(??????: Robert Geoffrey Edwards) (27 ?????????? 1925 - 10 ??????? 2013) ???????? ????????????. ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????.
[2]
[3]
[4]
?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????
?????????????? ????
(????-?????? ?????????????) ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????. 2010 ???????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ? ?????? ???? ??? 15 ????? ??????? ????????????. ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????.
1950 ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????
??????????? ?????????
?? ???? ????????? ????????????.
[5]
? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???? ????????? ??????????????. ? ??????? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????. ???????????? ???????????, ????????????? ???????????. ????????? ????????? ?????? 1978, ???? 25? ??????????? ??????????
????????
??
???? ???????
???
?????????????? ????
???????????.
[6]
[7]
[8]
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????. ? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????. ?????????????
??????? ??????
????????????
??????? ????? ?????????
????? ??????????????. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????. ????? ??? 1988?? ?????????.
??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????. ???????????????? ???? ??????? 10 ???? ?????? ? ????? ????.
??????? ??????
???? ?????? 40 ????? ???? ???????? ????????. ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????
???????????? ???????????????
????? ?????
??????????
?? ?????????.
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????
??????? ????????
????????. ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????
??????? ?????????????
????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???????? ????????????
?????????? ???????
???? ??? ? ???????? ??????? ??????.
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
- ↑
"EDWARDS, Sir Robert (Geoffrey)"
.
Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press
.
(subscription required)
- ↑
Gardner, Richard (2015).
"Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards CBE. 27 September 1925 ? 10 April 2013"
.
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
.
61
. Royal Society: 81?102.
doi
:
10.1098/rsbm.2014.0020
.
ISSN
0080-4606
.
- ↑
Johnson, M. H.
(2011).
"Robert Edwards: The path to IVF"
.
Reproductive BioMedicine Online
.
23
(2): 245?262.
doi
:
10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.04.010
.
PMC
3171154
.
PMID
21680248
.
- ↑
Fisher, S. J.; Giudice, L. C. (2013). "Robert G. Edwards (1925?2013)".
Science
.
340
(6134): 825.
Bibcode
:
2013Sci...340..825F
.
doi
:
10.1126/science.1239644
.
PMID
23687039
.
S2CID
34150798
.
- ↑
Edwards, R. G.
(1996).
"Patrick Christopher Steptoe, C. B. E. 9 June 1913 ? 22 March 1988"
.
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
.
42
: 435?52.
doi
:
10.1098/rsbm.1996.0027
.
PMID
11619339
.
- ↑
Steptoe, P. C.; Edwards, R. G. (1978). "Birth After the Reimplantation of a Human Embryo".
The Lancet
.
312
(8085): 366.
doi
:
10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92957-4
.
PMID
79723
.
S2CID
31119969
.
- ↑
"1978: First 'test tube baby' born"
. BBC. 25 July 1978
. Retrieved
13 June
2009
.
The birth of the world's first "test tube baby" has been announced in Manchester (England). Louise Brown was born shortly before midnight in Oldham and District General Hospital
- ↑
Moreton, Cole (14 January 2007).
"World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own"
.
Independent
. London
. Retrieved
22 May
2010
.
The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world ... The fertility specialists
Patrick Steptoe
and Bob Edwards became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother.
- ↑
Fraser L. R. (2000). "In Appreciation of Professor R. G. Edwards, Founding Editor of the Human Reproduction Journals".
MHR: Basic Science of Reproductive Medicine
.
6
(5): 3.
doi
:
10.1093/molehr/6.5.3
.
PMID
10775640
.
- ↑
"The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ? Press Release"
. Nobelprize.org. 4 October 2010
. Retrieved
4 October
2010
.
- ↑
Jones Jr, H. W.; Gosden, R. G. (2013). "Professor Sir Robert Edwards, 1925?2013".
Fertility and Sterility
.
99
(7): 1799?800.
doi
:
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.04.042
.
PMID
23726252
.
- ↑
Johnson, M. H.
;
Franklin, S. B.
; Cottingham, M.; Hopwood, N. (2010).
"Why the Medical Research Council refused Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe support for research on human conception in 1971"
.
Human Reproduction
.
25
(9): 2157?74.
doi
:
10.1093/humrep/deq155
.
PMC
2922998
.
PMID
20657027
.