???????? ???? ??????? (Malaria), ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ^[1] ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? "???????? ???? ????????? ????????"?? 1907?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????, ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? 1902?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????. ????????? ??? 500 ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? 2.7 ???????? ???? ??????????????. "????????????" (Plasmodium) ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???????????? ?????????? . ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????. ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????????

• ???????????? ?????????? (falciparum)
• ???????????? ???????? (vivax)
• ???????????? ??????? (malariae)
• ???????????? ????? (ovale)
• ???????????? ????????? (semiovale)
• ???????????? ???????? (knowesli)

???????? ?.????????, ?.?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????.

50000 ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????. ^[2] ???????? ?????? 2700 ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ^[3] . ??????? ??? ???? "?? ????" ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????. "?? ????" ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ????????? marsh fever (??????? ?????) ??? ???? ??????????.

1880?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????. ^[4] ???? ???, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? 1907?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? , ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????. ^[5] ??? ?????? ?????? ????????????, ???????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????. 1898?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? 1902?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ^[6]

??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????. ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????. ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????????, ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???????? (anopheles) ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

??? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????????. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ??????????????? ????? ????????? ???, ???? ????????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????????????.

?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????? (sporozoites) ??? ??????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ??? ?????????? (merozoite) ???? ???????????. ???????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????????. ???? ????? ??? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????. ????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????????? (paroxysm) ??? ??????, ???? ????????? ????? ???? . ????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?.????????, ?.????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?? (dormant phase) " ??? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????. ? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????? 2,3 ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? 5 ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ^[7] ?.??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????. ????????, ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????.

??????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??: ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????. ? ???? ??: ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????? 40 ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ? ???? ??: ? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????, 24, 48 ???? 72 ???? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????/?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????

?????????, ???????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ??????? 40% ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????. ??????? ????? ????????? ???:

• ???????
• ????? (???????? ????????, ????????????, ?????????????? )
• ???????????
• ????, ?????? ???????
• ?????? ??????
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????? ???????? 30,00,00,000 ????? 50,00,00,000 ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????. ????? ???????? 10,00,000 ????? 20,00,000 ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????????. ???????????????? 90% ???? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ??????????. ????????? 20% ???? ??????? ??????? ??? 5 ????? ???? ?????????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???????.

? ??????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? 100 ???????. ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????????, ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.

?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??????????????.???? ?????????? (?????? ????? ????? 1800??. ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????) ??????? ?????? ???????? ????. ????? 5 ????? 7 ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. 1990-93 ???? ?????? ??????? 500 ????? 600 ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????. 1977-97 ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? 25% ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????. 1997 ??? ??????? ???????. ???????????? 60 ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?????? 70 ????? 80% ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ^[8]

1946????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??.??.?? ???????? ???????????. 1953?? 7 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. 8 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? 1958?? "????? ??????? ???????? ??????????" (NMEP - National Malariya Eradication Program) ???????????. ??.??.?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????. ???? 1965?? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????. ??????? ???????? ??.??.??. ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????. ???? ????? 1994?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ^[9]

????? ??????? ???????? ????? (National Institute of Malaria Research ), National Academy of Vector Borne Diseases ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ^[10]

??????? ????? 10 ????? 30 ??????? ????? ??????? (???? ???????????? ????????? ????????????). ? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? 10 ????? 30 ??????? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????. ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????. ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????????.

???? ????????:

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????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????????. ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????????. ? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? (Giemsa blood smear) ??? ??????????. ??????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ????? (Giemsa) ??????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ?????????????? (????????????) ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????????. ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ???????????. ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.

????????????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????. ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????.

???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? (chloroquinine) ????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? (quinine) ????? ???? ????????????????? ?????????????? (quinacrine), ???????????? (chloroquine), ???????????? (primaquine) ????????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????. ^{[11] [12]}

????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ???????????

????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????:

1. ?????? ??????????
2. ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????
3. ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????

?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ( ??.??.?? ) ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????????. ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??.??.???? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????????. ???? ????? ??.??.?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ? ??????? ????????? ??.??.???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????????:

• ?????????
• ???????
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• ?????
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? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????.

????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????.

??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????? (prophylaxis) ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????????, ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????????????. ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????. ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? 4 ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????????.

1. ↑ ????? ????? ?????? ??????????
2. ↑ Joy D; Feng X; Mu J; Furuya T; Chotivanich K; Krettli A; Ho M; Wang A; Suh E; Beerli P; Su X (2003). "Early origin and recent expansion of Plasmodium falciparum". Science . 300 (5617): 318?21. PMID   12690197 .
3. ↑ ?????? ??? (2002). "???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? (History of human parasitology)" . Clin Microbiol Rev . 15 (4): 595?612. PMID   12364371 .
4. ↑ "????????? ???????? ????? ??????(Biography of Alphonse Laveran)" . ?????? ???????? ???? . Retrieved 2007-07-15 .
5. ↑ "??????? ????????? (Ettore Marchiafava)" . Retrieved 2007-07-15 .
6. ↑ "???????? ???? ????? ??????" . ?????? ???????? ???? . Retrieved 2007-07-15 .
7. ↑ ??????? ??????????! ?????. 23 April 2024
8. ↑ "Malaria in India" . Archived from the original on 2007-08-09 . Retrieved 2007-07-21 .
9. ↑ "Status of Malaria in India" (PDF) . Shiv Lal, G.S.Soni, P.K.Phukan . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-06-03 . Retrieved 2007-07-21 .
10. ↑ "National Institute of Malaria Research" . Retrieved 2007-07-21 .
11. ↑ Prescription drugs for malaria Retrieved February 27 , 2007 .
12. ↑ "New malaria drug modeled after Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)" . Archived from the original on 2007-08-14 . Retrieved 2007-07-22 .

• WHO ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
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• ?????????? ??????? ??????? Archived 2006-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
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