Coordinates : 13°10′N 59°33′W  /  13.16°N 59.55°W  / 13.16; -59.55

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Flag of బార్బడోస్ బార్బడోస్ యొక్క చిహ్నం
??????
"Pride and Industry"
బార్బడోస్ యొక్క స్థానం
????????? ????? ??????
??????? ?????????????
13°0′N 59°32′W  /  13.000°N 59.533°W  / 13.000; -59.533
??? ????? ???? ???????
?????? ????? ??????
????????? ?????? ???????? ????? Bajan
????? / ?????????
??????   90% Afro-Bajan ,6% ( Igbo , Yoruba , Akan , others),4% Asian and Multiracial ( Mulatto ), European ( English , Irish , other)
????????? Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
 -  Monarch Elizabeth II
 -  Governor-General Clifford Husbands
 -  Prime Minister David Thompson
Independence From the ???????? ??? ??  
 -  Date 30 ?????? 1966 
 -  ?????  ( % ) negligible
?????
 -  ???? 2006 ????? 279,000 ( 175??? )
 -  ?? ??????? 647 /??.??² ( 15??? )
1,663 /?.??
??????  ( PPP ) 2007 ?????
 -  ?????? $5.100 billion [1]  ( 149??? )
 -  ????? $18,558 [1]  ( 39??? )
?????? (nominal) 2007 ?????
 -  ?????? $3.409 billion [1]  
 -  ????? $12,404 [1]  
??.?? (????.??.?)  (2008) Decrease 0.889 ( high ) ( 37th )
??????? Barbadian dollar ($) ( BBD )
??????? Eastern Caribbean ( UTC -4)
????????? ?????? ???? .bb
??????? ???? + +1 (246)

????????? ( ?????? : Barbados ), ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?????????? ???????????? ????. ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ? ?????? ????? 34 ??.??. ??????? 23 ??.?? ???????.???????? 432?.??.??. ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ??????????? ??????? 100??.?? ?????? [2] ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????? 168??.?? ??????! ??????????, ?????? ????????? 400??.?? ?????? ????.????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????.????????? ??????? ????, ???????? ???? ?????????????;?????????. ????????? 13? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? (?????? ??????) ??????????. ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????. 15? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. 1511?? ??? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????. [3] [4] 1536 ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ????????. ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????. 1625?? " ????? ?????? " ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? " ????? ????? ???? " ????? ???????? ???????????. 1627?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [5] ????? ??????? ????? 1807?? ????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????. 1966?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. [6] ??????? ?????? 2,80,121. ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. [7] ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????.40% ???? ?????????? ??.??. ????? ??????????, ??.???., ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????.2014?? " ????????????? ??????????? " ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??.???.?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????. ????? ???????? ????? ????. ????? ????????????? ?????????? 17? ???????? (??.???., ???????????, ???????? ??????? ???????) ????? , ???????? ?????? ???????? ????. [8]

????????? ??????

[ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ?????????? " ????? ???? " ??? ????. ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????. 1519?? ?????? ?????? ????? " ????????? ??????? " ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????.???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????.????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????.???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????. [9] [10] ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????. ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? " ??????????? " ??? ???????????.??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? " ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? " ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????????. [11] "????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? " ??? ???? ?????? ??????????????. [12] ??? " ?????? " ??? ??????????????. [13] [14] [15] ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????. ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????????? " ?????? ??????? ???????? " ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????, ????, ????, ???? " ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????. [16] ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????.18? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????.????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????. [17] [18] ????????? ???????? ???????? , ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??? , ??????? ???????????????.?????? 1868 ??????? 25? " ???????????? ????????? " ?? ??? ??? ?????????????. [16] ??????? 1652?? " ???? ??????? " ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????.????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????. [16]

??????

[ ?????? ]
????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, 1870 ????? 1966 ???? ??????????????.
?????? ???????, ?????????????. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ????????.

??.?.4 ????? ??.?. 7? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ?????? ????????-?????????? ??? ????????????. [19] ??.?.800?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ??.?. 1200 ???? ??????????. 13? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? (?????? ??????????) ???????????? ????????????.16? 17? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. 19? ????????? ???????? ????? (?????) ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. [20] [21] 1620-1640 ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????.????????? ????????????, ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????. ???????????? ????? (1650)?? ???????????, ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????. [22]

?????????? ???????, ??????,?????, ?????? ????? ?????????????. 1640?? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????????????. ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????. ?????????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????. [23] ?????? ?????????????, ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????.1639?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????????.1854?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? 4,000 ?????? ?????????.???? ??????? 20,000 ???? ?????????. [24] 1833 ?? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? 83,000??? ???????. 1946 ????? 1980 ????????? ?????? ????????????.??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????. [25]

1627-1639

[ ?????? ]

?????? ???????? ???????????

[ ?????? ]

???????? ??????????? " ??????????? ????? "?? ??????????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. [26] 1625 ?? 14? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????. 1627 ???????? 17? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? (???????? ????????) ??????????????. [27] ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????. ?????????????? 80 ???? ????????? 10 ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????. [ ????? ?????? ] ???????? ???????? (?????? ????????? ?????)" ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?? " ?????????. ?????? ?????????? " ????? ???? "?? ????????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? 1639?? " ???? ??? ???????? " ???????????.1640-60 ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????. 1650 ?????? ?????????????? ?????? 44,000 ???? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? 12,000, ???? ????????? ???????? ????? 23,000 ???? ???????. ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????. 1630?? ????? ?????? 5 ????? 10 ????? ??????????????? ??????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ????????. ????????? ?????? ????????????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? 1666?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? 1,000 ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. 1650 ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ???????.????? ???? ?????????? ??????.????? ????? " ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? " ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? 1630 ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????.

1640-1790

[ ?????? ]

????????? ???????????

[ ?????? ]

????????? " ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ", ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ???? ?????????????. ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. 1650 ???????? 3? ?????????, ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????????.??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????. [28]

?????

[ ?????? ]

1640?? ?????, ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????. [29] ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????.???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????????. [29] ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????.????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????.?????????? ????? ????????, ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????????.1644 ?? ????????? ??????? 30,000 ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? 800 ???????.??????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????.??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????.1660 ?????? ??????????? ????? 27,000, ???????????? ????? 26,000?? ???????.1666 ?????? 12,000 ????????????? ????????????? ??????????????.???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????????.??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????.1680 ?????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ????????? 17:1?? ???????.1700 ?????? 15,000 ???? ?????????????? ?????????????, 50,000 ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????.

????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????????.??? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????. ???????? ????? ???????? 1661,1676, 1682, 1688 ??? ????????????????.? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????, ????????????? ??????????.????? ??? ???????? ??????.??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.???????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????." [30]

????????

[ ?????? ]
????????? ??????

????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????. ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????.????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? (??????????????? 340??) ?????? ????????? ????????????????. ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???????????????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?????, ????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????????.

?????????

[ ?????? ]

????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ????. [31] ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ???? (???? ??????????) ???????????? ????????? ????. [32]

????????

[ ?????? ]
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? .

?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????.???? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????????????.?????? ??????? ???????? 40-90????. ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? 21-31 ??????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? 23-31 ??????? ????????? ???????. [33] ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????. ??????????? 12-16 ??.?? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????.???????? ????????, ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????????????. ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????.???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????.??????????? ?????????? ?????? 26 ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????.1955?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. 2010 ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????. [34]

???????? ????????

[ ?????? ]
?????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????????.

????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????. 1999?? ????????? [35] ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? " ?????? ??????????? ??????? " ????????? ???????. [36] 21? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????. [37] ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????. [38] ????? ???????? ???????????????, ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. [39] [40] ???????????? 90??.?? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????. [41] ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????. ????. [42] ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????. [43]

??????????

[ ?????? ]

????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????; ?????? ???????, ????????????, ??????????? ???????, ????????????.???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????.????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????????.

???????

[ ?????? ]
????? ??????? ?????? ????????????.

??????????? ?????? ??????? (????? ??.??.??) ????????? 53? ???????? ????. [1] ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? 66? ???????? ????? ??????????????. [44] 2012 " ???????? ????????????? ??????? " 20% ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????, 10% ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????????. [45] ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????. 1970 ????? 1980 ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???? ???? ????????????. ??????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????.1990 ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????. [ ????? ?????? ] ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ???????, ??????????? ???????????????. 2008 ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????. [46] ????????????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????.????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????. 2003 ?????? ?????????? 10.7% ????????. [47] 2015 ?????? ??? ?????? 11.9%???? ????????????. [48] 2001, 2002 ???? ????????????, ?????????? 11 ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? 2003 ?????? ????????? ????????. 2004 ????? ??????????????? ????????. [47] ????? , ???????? ????????? (??????????? ??????????, ??????), ???????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????. 2003?? ????? ????? 25 ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????. [49] ???????????? 2006 ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????. [50] ????????? ???????, ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? 10 ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. [51]

????????

[ ?????? ]
?????????????? ?? ??? ??????.
??????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????

2010 ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? 2,77,821. ?????? 1.33.018 ???? ????????, 1,44,803 ???? ???????? ???????. [52]

???????? ???????

[ ?????? ]

??????????? (????)90% ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? ????????, ????????? (?????????, ??????????) ???????.?????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ????????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????.?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? " ???? ?????? " ??????. ??? ???????????????? ??????????????. [53] ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????????.

?????? :-

  • ???? - ??????? : ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.1990 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????.????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????. ????? ??????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ???????. [54]
  1. ???? - ?????? (4%) [47] 17? ????????? ???????????? ????????????.???? ?????????, ????????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????.

1963?? ???????????? 86% ???? - ?????? (37,200) ???????. [55] ?????? " ???? ?????? " ??????. ???? - ?????? ?????? ???????? (????? ????????, ??????? ????????) ?????? ??????. [56] ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????????? ????????????.

  • ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????.????????? ??????? ????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????.???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
  • ???????, ????????? ???? - ????????? ??? ?????????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????.??????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????. ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????.
  • ?????? ???????????? 1627?? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????.
  • ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????. ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? - ????????? ?????????????????.

[57] [58]

?????

[ ?????? ]

????????? ???????? ??? ????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ?????????????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????? ???????? (???? ????????) ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????.

???

[ ?????? ]
??????? ???????? ????????, ?????????????.

Religion in Barbados (2000) [59]

   Anglican (28.28%)
   Pentecostal (18.69%)
   No religion (atheism, agnosticism, etc) (17.30%)
   Other (7.36%)
   Seventh Day Adventist (5.49%)
   Methodist (5.07%)
   Baptist (4.79%)
   Roman Catholic (4.18%)
   Not Stated (3.28%)
   Church of God (1.99%)
   Jehovah's witnesses (1.96%)
   Moravian (1.34%)
   Rastafarian (1.14%)
   Muslim (0.66%)
   Brethren (0.64%)
   Salvation Army (0.42%)
   Hindu (0.34%)
   Baha'i (0.04%)

??????????? 95% ????????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ?????????? 40% ???????. ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ????? ???????????, ??????????????, ???????? ????????, ??????? ?? ????????????, ????????????? ???????????? ???????. ??? ????????? ?????????, ??????????, ??? ???????? [60] ????????????, ????? ???????? ???????.

???????

[ ?????? ]

2011 ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????????? 74 ??????????. 2005 ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? 72, ??????? ??????????? 77 ??????????. [47] ?????????, ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????. [61] ????? ????????? 1000:12.23. ????? ????????? 1000:8.39. ???????????? ??????? " ??????? ??????????? " ?????? ??????????? ??????????.???????????? 20 ?????????????? ???????.???????????????? " ?????? ???????? ????????? " (????? ?????????)????. 2011 ?? ????????? ????????? " ????????? ??? ??????????????? " ??? ????? ??????????? 22 ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? " ??????? ?????? ?????????? " (???????,???????) ?????? ????????.? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? 900 ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? " ?????? ??? ????? ????????? " ??????????????? ????????????.

?????

[ ?????? ]
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????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? 100% ???????. [62] ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????.2008 ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??.??.??.?? 6.7% ????? ?????????. [47] ???????????? 16 ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ????????? 70 ???? ??????? ???????? ????????, 20 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? (???????????, ??????????? ??????????)???????. ?????? ????????????? 5% ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????.

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????????? ???????? ????????, ????????, ???????, ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????.

????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ??? ????????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????????. ? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????????. [64] ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? (???????? ??) ?? ???????????.

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?????? ????? ????????, ???????, ????????, ????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????. [65] ????????? ????? ????? ??- ??, ????????? ???? ?????? ??????. [66] ??? ???????? ???????? " ????????? , ???? " ????.????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. [67] ?????????? ?? ?????? (?????? ???????), ???? ???? ?????????.

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30 November ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????.
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????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????.????????????? ??????? ???? " ?????? ???????? ??????????? "?? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????.??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????.????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????. ????????? ?????????? ???????????? " ??????? ???????? " ???????? ???????? 100?? ???????????? ??????????? (2000) ?????????. ???????? " ?????? ??????????? " ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (2008) ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????????. ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????.????? ???????? 2009 ?????? 20? ?????? ???????? 110 ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????.??? 21????????? ?????? 13.14 ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????.??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????. ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????.?????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????. ???.??. ????? ????? ???? " ?? - ???? ????? ?????? ??? " ????????????????. [71] ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? " ????????? ????? " ????? ????????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????.2000 ????? 2009 ???? " ????????? ??????? ?????? " ???????? ?????????? ??????????????.2006 ?? " ?? ??????.??.??.- ?????? ??? " ????? ???? " ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????????. 18-???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? " ?? ????????? ?????? ????? " ????. ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????. ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????. ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????.???????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??? ????????? 270? ???????? ????. ???????? ??????? 2? ???????? ????. ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????????." ???? ?????? ????????? " ???? ??? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? (2014) ?? ??????? ????????. " ???? ????????? " (????? ????????) ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????. ????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????. ????????? ???????? ???? ??? 2009 ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. [72]

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ACME ???? ???????, ?????????????, ??????????

????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????.???.??? (??????? ??? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??????????????? $ 2 ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ????????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????.?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????????.

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???????????? ???? " ????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? " ???????????? ?????????????????? ????????????. ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????.? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????.21? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? $ 100 ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????.???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? (????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ) ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????.?????, ??????? ??????????? " ????????? ?????? ??????? " ???????????? ?????????.

??????

[ ?????? ]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Barbados" . International Monetary Fund . Retrieved 2008-10-09 .
  2. ↑ Chapter 4 ? The Windward Islands and Barbados ? U.S. Library of Congress
  3. ↑ Sauer, Carl Ortwin (1969) [1966]. Early Spanish Main, The . University of California Press. pp. 192?197. ISBN   0-520-01415-4 .
  4. ↑ The Jewish Experience in 17th century Barbados Archived 2017-08-23 at the Wayback Machine , By Ryan Hechler, The VCU Menorah Review at Virginia Commonwealth University
  5. ↑ Secretariat. "Barbados ? History" . Commonwealth of Nations . Archived from the original on 20 ?????? 2014 . Retrieved 21 ???? 2017 .
  6. ↑ HRM Queen Elizabeth II (2010). "History and present government ? Barbados" . The Royal Household . Archived from the original on 20 April 2010 . Retrieved 10 May 2010 .
  7. ↑ ??????? ????: ??????? <ref> ??????; geo ??? ?????? ref ??? ????????? ????????
  8. ↑ Corruption Index 2014 Archived 2015-12-02 at the Wayback Machine . Transparency International.
  9. ↑ "AXSES Systems Caribbean Inc., The Barbados Tourism Encyclopaedia" . Barbados.org. 8 February 2007 . Retrieved 4 July 2010 .
  10. ↑ " Britannica Encyclopaedia : History of Barbados" . Britannica.com . Retrieved 4 July 2010 .
  11. ↑ Barbados the Red Land with White Teeth: Home of the Amerindians . Barbados Museum & Historical Society. Archived from the original on 5 ?? 2010 . Retrieved 14 May 2010 . A temporary exhibit which examined some of the preliminary excavations conducted at the dig site at Heywoods, St. Peter.
  12. ↑ Barbados ? Geography / History . Fun 'N' Sun Publishing Inc. 2008. Archived from the original on 13 ???????? 2010 . Retrieved 14 May 2010 . {{ cite book }} : Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
  13. ↑ Faria, Norman (17 June 2009). "Guyana Consul (Barbados) Visit to Former Amerindian Village Site in B'dos" (PDF) . Guyana Chronicle . Pan-Tribal Confederacy of Indigenous Tribal Nations. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 ?? 2016 . Retrieved 14 May 2010 . Adjacent to the park, there is still a fresh water stream. This as a main reason the village was here. A hundred or so metres away is the sea and a further five hundred metres out across a lagoon was the outlying reef where the Atlantic swells broke on the coral in shallow waters. As an aside, the word "Ichirouganaim", said to be an Arawak word used by the Amerindians to describe Barbados, is thought to refer to the imagery of "teeth" imagery of the waves breaking on the reefs off most of southern and eastern coasts.
  14. ↑ Drewett, Peter (1991). Prehistoric Barbados . Barbados Museum and Historical Society. ISBN   1-873132-15-8 .
  15. ↑ Drewett, Peter (2000). Prehistoric Settlements in the Caribbean: Fieldwork on Barbados, Tortola and the Cayman Islands . Archetype Publications Ltd. ISBN   1-873132-22-0 .
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Carrington, Sean (2007). A~Z of Barbados Heritage . Macmillan Caribbean Publishers Limited. p. 25. ISBN   0-333-92068-6 .
  17. ↑ Eltis, David; Richardson, David (1997). Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity, and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade . Routledge. p. 87. ISBN   978-0-7146-4820-0 . Retrieved 24 November 2008 .
  18. ↑ Morgan, Philip D.; Hawkins, Sean (2004). Black Experience and the Empire . Oxford University Press. p. 82. ISBN   0-19-926029-X .
  19. ↑ Beckles, Hilary . A History of Barbados: From Amerindian Settlement to Caribbean Single Market (Cambridge University Press, 2007 edition).
  20. ↑ "Origin of the Eagle Clan" Archived 2012-09-07 at Archive.today , Pan-Tribal Confederacy of Indigenous Tribal Nations.
  21. ↑ Descendants of Princess Marian Archived 2016-05-24 at the Portuguese Web Archive. (PDF). Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  22. ↑ Corish, Patrick J. Patrick J. Corish, The Cromwellian Regime, 1650?1660 . pp. 353?386. doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562527.003.0014 . {{ cite book }} : |work= ignored ( help )
  23. ↑ Portner, Ze'ev (4 December 2015). "Barbados, a centuries-old Jewish haven for relaxation ? and refuge" . The Times of Israel . 21:19 . Retrieved 20 August 2016 . Celebrating its independence this week, the Caribbean island has a storied Jewish history spanning from the Inquisition to the Holocaust
  24. ↑ " Barbados ". Library of Congress Country Studies .
  25. ↑ " Barbados ? population ". Library of Congress Country Studies .
  26. ↑ William And John , 11 January 201, Shipstamps.co.uk
  27. ↑ Beckles p. 7.
  28. ↑ Karl Watson, The Civil War in Barbados , History in-depth, BBC, 5 November 2009.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Ali, Arif (1997). Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination . Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd. pp. 46, 48. ISBN   1-870518-54-3 .
  30. ↑ A Relation... in: "Alice Curwen", Autobiographical Writings by Early Quaker Women (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2004), ed. David Booy.
  31. ↑ Logan, Gabi. "Geologic History of Barbados Beaches" . USA Today . Archived from the original on 22 ?????? 2012 . Retrieved 2 July 2011 . Barbados lies directly over the intersection of the Caribbean plate and the South American plate in a region known as a subduction zone. Beneath the ocean floor, the South American plate slowly slides below the Caribbean plate.
  32. ↑ Pico Teneriffe
  33. ↑ "Average and Record Conditions at Bridgetown, Barbados" . BBC Weather. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007 . Retrieved 10 September 2009 .
  34. ↑ "Hurricane Tomas lashes Caribbean islands" . BBC News, 30 October 2010.
  35. ↑ Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Treatment Techniques in Barbados Archived 2013-07-24 at the Wayback Machine . Cep.unep.org. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  36. ↑ Perspectives: A continuing problem and persistent threat Archived 24 ???? 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Barbadosadvocate.com. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  37. ↑ "PERSPECTIVES: Squatting ? a continuing problem" Archived 24 ???? 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Barbadosadvocate.com (24 March 2008). Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  38. ↑ "Squatters get thumbs down from MP Forde" . Nationnews.com (30 June 2010). Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  39. ↑ "Welcome to Coastal Zone Management Unit - Coastal Zone Management Unit" .
  40. ↑ Barbados' CZMU in demand Archived 24 ???? 2013 at the Wayback Machine . Barbadosadvocate.com (4 February 2012). Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  41. ↑ Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies Archived 28 ?????? 2012 at the Wayback Machine , The University of the West Indies.
  42. ↑ Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles , UN-FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
  43. ↑ Sea Turtles ? Dive Operators Association of Barbados Archived 19 ?????? 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Barbados Blue Inc.
  44. ↑ World Bank ? Country Groups . Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  45. ↑ "20 percent in poverty" . Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation . 20 ??????? 2012. Archived from the original on 23 ??????? 2012 . Retrieved 5 ?????????? 2017 .
  46. ↑ "BBC News ? Barbados profile ? Overview" . British Broadcasting Corporation . 22 December 2013 . Retrieved 6 April 2014 .
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 Barbados Archived 2016-02-14 at the Wayback Machine CIA World Factbook
  48. ↑ "Latest Socio-Economic Indicators" . Barbados Statistical Service . Archived from the original on 5 ?????? 2015 . Retrieved 8 November 2015 .
  49. ↑ "Melnyk ? one of the wealthiest" . NationNews.com . 29 October 2011 . Retrieved 6 April 2014 .
  50. ↑ Morris, Roy (2 January 2006). "Builders paradise" . The Nation Newspaper . Archived from the original on 4 January 2006 . Retrieved 29 July 2009 . Industry sources are warning, however, that while the boom will bring many jobs and much income, ordinary Barbadians hoping to undertake home construction or improvement will be hard pressed to find materials or labour, given the large number of massive commercial projects with which they will have to compete. ... Construction magnate Sir Charles 'COW' Williams, agreeing that this year will be "without doubt" the biggest ever for the island as far as construction was concerned, revealed that his organisation was in the final stages of the construction of a new $6 million plant at Lears, St Michael to double its capacity to produce concrete blocks, as well as a new $2 million plant to supply ready-mixed concrete from its fleet of trucks. "The important thing to keep in mind is that the country will benefit tremendously from a massive injection of foreign exchange from people who want to own homes here," Sir Charles said.
  51. ↑ Lashley, Cathy (24 July 2009). "Barbados signs agreement with EU" . gisbarbados.gov.bb . Archived from the original on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 29 July 2009 .
  52. ↑ 2010 Population and Housing Census (PDF) (Report). Vol. 1. Barbados Statistical Service. September 2013. p. i. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 ????? 2017 . Retrieved 17 November 2016 .
  53. ↑ Byfield, Judith Ann-Marie; Denzer, LaRay; Morrison, Anthea (2010). Gendering the African diaspora: women, culture, and historical change in the Caribbean and Nigerian hinterland . Indiana University Press. pp. 39?. ISBN   978-0-253-22153-7 .
  54. ↑ Are Guyanese welcome in Barbados? , 7 September 2006; British Broadcasting Corporation (Caribbean Bureau)
  55. ↑ Watson, Karl (17 February 2011) "Slavery and Economy in Barbados" , BBC.
  56. ↑ Rodgers, Nini (November 2007). "The Irish in the Caribbean 1641?1837: An Overview" . Irish Migration Studies in Latin America . 5 (3): 145?156.
  57. ↑ Islam and Muslims in the American Continent By Amadou Mahtar M'Bow and M. Ali Kettani. Center of Historical, Economical and Social Studies, 2001.
  58. ↑ Ethnic minorities in Caribbean society Rhoda Reddock. I.S.E.R., The University of the West Indies, 1996.
  59. ↑ "??????? ????" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-05 . Retrieved 2017-09-06 .
  60. ↑ "Baha'u'llah" . Bci.org . Retrieved 4 July 2010 .
  61. ↑ Best, Tony (9 April 2005) "Bajan secrets to living long" . Archived from the original on 11 ???????? 2007 . Retrieved 6 ?????????? 2017 . . nationnews.com.
  62. ↑ "Unesco Institute for Statistics: Date Centre" . 14 September 2007. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011 . Retrieved 28 February 2011 .
  63. ↑ "The Education System in Barbados ? Business Barbados" . Business Barbados . Archived from the original on 2015-05-11 . Retrieved 2017-09-06 .
  64. ↑ "Crop Over Festival" . 2camels.com. Archived from the original on 5 ?????? 2010 . Retrieved 30 July 2009 .
  65. ↑ Barbados Food . Totally Barbados . Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  66. ↑ Barbados National Dish: Coucou & Flying Fish Archived 16 ???? 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Epicurian Tourist. 25 December 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
  67. ↑ [1] .www.barbados.org. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  68. ↑ Banks Beer: The Beer Archived 7 ???? 2011 at the Wayback Machine . BanksBeer.com. Retrieved 2011-3-9.
  69. ↑ 10 Saints beer . BanksBeer.com. Retrieved 2011-3-9.
  70. ↑ Kamugisha, Aaron (2015) Rihanna : Barbados world-gurl in global popular culture . University of the West Indies Press. ISBN   9766405026
  71. ↑ "Ape hills polo" . Ape hills Club . Archived from the original on 12 ????? 2015 . Retrieved 9 ?????????? 2017 .
  72. ↑ Harris, Alan (26 ???? 2009). "Barbados Segway Polo team 2009 World Champions" . Barbados Advocate . Archived from the original on 15 September 2010 . Retrieved 26 July 2009 .

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