????????

?????????? ?????
Jump to navigation Jump to search
????????,  00 F
Small sample of pale yellow liquid fluorine condensed in liquid nitrogen
Liquid fluorine (F 2 at extremely low temperature )
????????
Pronunciation
Allotropes alpha, beta (see Allotropes of fluorine )
Appearance ???? ??????: ???? ??? ?????
???? ??????: ???????????? ?????
?? ??????: ????????? (????), ?????????? (?????)
Standard atomic weight A r °(F)
???????? in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
-
↑
F
↓
Cl
???????? ← ???????? → ??????
Group ???:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period period 2
Block   p-block
Electron configuration [ He ] 2s 2 2p 5 [3]
Electrons per shell 2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at  STP gas
Melting point 53.48  K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 [4]  °F)
Boiling point 85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 [4]  °F)
Density (at STP) 1.696 [5]  g/L
when liquid (at  b.p. ) 1.505 [6]  g/cm 3
Triple point 53.48 K, ​90 [4]  kPa
Critical point 144.41 K, 5.1724 [4]  MPa
Heat of vaporization 6.51 [5]  kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity (C p ) (21.1 °C) 31 [6] J·mol ?1 ·K ?1
(C v ) (21.1 °C) 23 [6]  J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P   (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at  T   (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation state s ?1 , 0 [7] (oxidizes oxygen)
Electronegativity Pauling scale: 3.98 [8]
Ionization energies
Covalent radius 64 [9]   pm
Van der Waals radius 135 [10]  pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral line s of ????????
Other properties
Natural occurrence primordial
Crystal structure ​ base-centered monoclinic
Monoclinic base-centered crystal structure for ఫ్లోరిన్

alpha state (low-temperature) [11]
Thermal conductivity 0.02591 [12]  W/(m?K)
Magnetic ordering diamagnetic, ?1.2×10 ?4 ( SI ) [13] [14]
CAS Number 7782-41-4 [8]
History
Naming after the mineral fluorite , itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
Discovery Andre-Marie Ampere (1810)
First isolation Henri Moissan [8] (June 26, 1886)
Named by Humphry Davy
Isotopes of ????????
Template:infobox ???????? isotopes does not exist
  Category: ????????
| references



???????? ( ??????  : ????? "?????????"), ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? . ???? ??????? F , ?????? ????? 9. ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????. ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? F 2 . ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????. ??????? ????????? ???????????. ????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????.

????????

[ ?????? ]

??????? ????????:

???, ????? ????????:

Fluorite (CaF 2 ) crystals

??? ???? ??????

[ ?????? ]

??????

[ ?????? ]
  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine" . CIAAW . 2021.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ????????). doi : 10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN   1365-3075 .
  3. ↑ Jaccaud et al. 2000 , p. 381.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press . p. 4.121. ISBN   1439855110 .
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Aigueperse et al. 2005 , "Fluorine", p. 2.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Compressed Gas Association (1999). Handbook of compressed gases . Springer. p. 365. ISBN   9780412782305 .
  7. ↑ Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF 7 ' Is Actually AuF 5 ·F 2 ". Inorganic Chemistry . 46 (13). 5338?5342. doi : 10.1021/ic700431s .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Aigueperse et al. 2005 , "Fluorine", p. 1.
  9. ↑ Dean 1999 , p. 4.35.
  10. ↑ Kim, Sung-Hoon (2006). Functional dyes . Elsevier. p. 257. ISBN   9780444521767 .
  11. ↑ Young, David A. (1975). Phase Diagrams of the Elements (Report). Springer. p. 10 . Retrieved 10 June 2011 .
  12. ↑ Yaws & Braker 2001 , p. 385.
  13. ↑ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002 , p. 72.
  14. ↑ Cheng, H.; Fowler, D. E.; Henderson, P. B.; Hobbs, J. P.; Pascaloni, M. R. (1999). "On the magnetic susceptibility of fluorine". Journal of Physical Chemistry A . 103 (15): 2861?2866. doi : 10.1021/jp9844720 .
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Dean 1999 , p. 4.6.
  16. ↑ Chiste, V.; Be, M. M. (2006). "F-18" (PDF) . Table de radionucleides . Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel . Retrieved 15 June 2011 .
  17. ↑ Leonel R Arana, Nuria de Mas, Raymond Schmidt, Aleksander J Franz, Martin A Schmidt and Klavs F Jensen, ???:Doi-inline , J. Micromech. Microeng. 17 , 2007, pp. 384-392.
  18. ↑ "Class I Ozone-Depleting Substances" . Ozone Depletion . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency .
  19. ↑ "eMedicine - Corticosteroid-Induced Myopathy : Article by Steve S Lim, MD" . Archived from the original on 2008-09-05 . Retrieved 2008-08-26 .
" https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????????&oldid=4094957 " ????? ????????????