??????? ???? (?????????? 19, 1919 - ?????? 2, 1982) ?????? ?????? ?????. ^[1]

?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? -?????? ????????? ???? ??????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????-???????? ???????? ???? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? 1919 ?????????? 19? ??????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????. ? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????????????. ??????????, ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????.

???? ?? 1940 ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ^[2] ??? 1941 ?? '??????? ??????'?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? 1943 ?????? 31 ?, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? "????? '?? ?????? ???? ????????" ?? ?????????????.

???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????. 1943?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????. 1943 ?????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??? ????, ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????

????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? "???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????", "???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????", "?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????????, ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????". ? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? "?????? ??" ??????. ? "?????? ??" ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ????. ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????.

1947 ?????? 15? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????, ???? ????????, ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????, ????, ??????? ????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????. ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????. ????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????????. ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????.

1. ↑ Schreffler, Gibb (July 2012). " Migration Shaping Media: Punjabi Popular Music in a Global Historical Perspective ".
2. ↑ Bhogal, Gurminder Kaur (3 April 2017). "Listening to female voices in Sikh kirtan" . Sikh Formations (in ????????). 13 (1?2): 48?77. doi : 10.1080/17448727.2016.1147183 . ISSN   1744-8727 . S2CID   151385910 .