????? ???? (??????: Visual arts) ???? ?????? ??????????? ????. ???????????? , ?????????? , ?????? , ????????? , ???????????? , ???????? ???????? , ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????. ^[1]

???????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? (two dimensional medium) ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??. ???????? ??????????, ???, ????, ???????, ????? ??????????, ???? ??????????, ??????? ??????, ????????, ?????????, ??????? ??, ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????: ???? ?????????, ?????????, ?????? ?????????, ???????, ?????????????, ???????????, ??????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? (Draftsman) ?? ?????????????. ^[2]

???????? ????/?????????? ??? ???? ???????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????/?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? (Spen), ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????/?????????? ? ?? ??????????????????????. ^{[3] [4]}

?????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????, ? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ^[5] . ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ^[6] . ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? (knives), ??????? (sponge), ?????? ???????? ????? ????? (airbrush) ??? ???? ????????. ????????? ?????, ??????, ???????, ??? , ????, ????????, ??????? (?????), ????, ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????????????, ??????????? ??????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? , ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ?????????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????.

??????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????.

????????? [ ?????? ]

????????? ???? ?????????? (Photography) ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? (photographic film) ??? ???? /???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (????????? ????????? ???????) ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????/????????? ?? ??/?????????/????????. ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? (lens)?? ?????? (focus) ?? ?????????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? (exposure) ??????? ? ???????? ??? ?????????? (real image) ?????????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (electronic image sensor) ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? (pixel) ?? ????????????? (electrical charge) ????????? ???? (electronical processing) ????? ?????? ???????????????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? (digital image) ???? ?? ???????????????.

??? ??????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????????. ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????????, ??????? , ??????????? ???????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? , ???????? , ?????????? ??????. ??? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? , ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

1. ↑ ??????????????? ?????????? ?? Visual Art ??????? ????????
2. ↑ ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????
3. ↑ ????????? ???????? ???? 8 ?? ??? ???? ?????
4. ↑ ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
5. ↑ ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????
6. ↑ ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????