???????? ?????????? ( ??????? 18 , 1880 - ???????? 12 , 1947 ) ?????? ??????????, ????????. ^[1]

???? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????. ???? ???.?.?? ??????????? ????, ??.?.?? ???????????? ????????????. ??.? . ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???.??. ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? 1934?? ???? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???.?. ????????????. ???? 1900?? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????.

???? ??????? "??????? ????? ?????? ??????", ??? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? "?????? ??????????? ??????, ??????" ??? ????? ?????? 1941?? ????????????. ^[2] ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ???? "????? ?????? - ?????", "????? ??????? - ??? ???????" ??? ?????????? ???? ????????.

???? 1947 ???????? 12?? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ????????, ?? ????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????????.

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