?????? ???????????
2002?? ???????????
22? ???? ????? ??????
In office 2001 ???????? 21 ? 2004 ?? 22
?????? ??????	???? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ????	??????? ?????
?????? ????	?????? ???????
In office 1998 ?????? 19 ? 2001 ?????? 16
?????? ??????	???? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ????	??????????? ?????
?????? ????	??????? ?????
?????? ??????
In office 1989 ???????? 2 ? 1990 ?????? 10
?????? ??????	??.?? ?????
????? ????? ????	???????? ???????
?????? ????	????????? ??????
?????????? ??????? , ??????? , ??????
In office 2009 ?????? 4 ? 2010 ???? 7
?????????? ??????? , ???????
In office 2004?2009
????? ????? ????	?? ??????? ??????? ??????
?????? ????	?? ??????? ??????? ??????
In office 1989?1996
????? ????? ????	?????????? ??????? ????
?????? ????	?? ??????? ??????? ??????
In office 1977?1984
????? ????? ????	????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????	?????????? ??????? ????
???????????	??????????? ???????????
In office 1996?2004
????? ????? ????	????? ?????? ?????
?????? ????	?????? ??????
???????????	????? , ??????
In office 1967?1971
????? ????? ????	???.??.??????
?????? ????	?????? ??????? ???? ??????????
???????????	????? ???? , ??????????
????????? ???????
????	?????? ?????? ??????????? ( 1930-06-03 ) 1930 ???? 3 ??????? , ??????? ???????????? , ???????? ?????? (????????? ??????? , ???????? )
????	2019 ????? 29 (2019-01-29) (???? 88) ???? ?????? , ????????
??????	?????????
?????? ??????	???? ???? [1]
??? ?????? ??????	??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? (????????)
????? ?????????	???? ?????
??????	?? ????????
??????	???????? , ???????, ????????
???????????	???? ??????? , (?????????) (2020)
?????

?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, (1930 ???? 3- 2019 ????? 29) ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????????????, ^[2] ?????? ????????????, ^[3] ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????? 1967?? ??????? (???????? ?????) ????? ??????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????. ^[4] ???? ?????????? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????????????.???? ??????, ???????, ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ^[5]

????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? 1946 ?? ?????????? ??????. 1949?? ???? ????????? ????????, ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??????????? 1950, 1960 ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???? ???????, ??????? ???? ????????? ????????????. ???? 1967 ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???.??.????????? ????????.???? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? 1974 ?????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????, 1975 ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ^[6] ???? 1976?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

1977??, ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? , ????-???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? 1989 ????? 1990 ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????????? ????? (???.??.?) ????????? (1998-2004) ?? ????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????????, ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????????. ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????? 1967 ????? 2004 ???? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ^[7] ???? 2019 ????? 29? 88 ????????? ???????? ?????????. ^[8] ?????? 2020?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????. ^{[9] [10] [11]}

?????? ??????????? 1930 ???? 3?, ???? ?????? ???????????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ( ?? ?????) ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????????. ^[12] ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ????????, ??????, ????, ????????, ???????. ???? ?????, ????? ?????? 5 (???? ???? 3? ??????????) ??????? ?????????????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????????????????? ???????????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? "??????" ??? ??????????. ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? "?????? ??????" ??? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??????, ????? ???????? ????????????. ^[13] ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (???.???.???.??) ?????? ??????. ^[12]

??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????, ?? ??????, ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????, ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ^[13] ???? 16 ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. 1946 ????? 1948 ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ???? 19 ????????? ???????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? "???? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ????." ??? ????????. ???? 19 ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ?????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????, ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????,

???? ??????????? 1967?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ???.??.????????? ??????, '?????? ?? ???????-???????' ??? ???? ???????????. 1977?? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????. 1979?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????, ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? (???)?? ??????. 1980?? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????. 1984?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? 1985, 1986 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????.1989, 1991?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????.1994?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????.1996, 1998 ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? (????????)?? ???????? ?????? 1999?? ????? ????? ????? ???????????. 2004?? ??????????? ????? ????????. 2009?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????. ? ?????? 2009?? ????????? ????????????. 2010???, ???? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, 2019 ??????? ?????????.

• ???????:1967 (???? 1971?? ???? ???????)
• ???????????: 1977,1980,1989,1991, 2004. (2009?? ?????????????????? ?????????)
• ????????:1984?? ????????? ^[14]
• ????: 1985, 1986?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????.
• ????: 1996, 1998, 1999
• ???????: 2009

????? ???????? ????????????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ??????????? 1949?? ????????? ????????. ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????. ^[15] ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????, "???? ????????? ????????????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????." ^[16] ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??'??????, ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ^{[15] [17]} ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???????, ????????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????. 1950? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? 1950??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????. ^[18] ???? 1961?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????, 1968 ???? ????????? ?????????.1968 ????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. 1967 ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???.??. ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? , ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????? 48.5 ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ???? "?????? ?? ???????????????" ??? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ^[19] ????????? 1960? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????.????? 1970? ???????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????. 1969?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????, 1973?? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????. 1970? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????.

???? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, 1974?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????????????.??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ????????. 1947, 1974 ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????. 1974 ?? 8? ????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????, ???????? 1974 ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? (NCCRS) ??????????? ^[20] ?????????, ????????, ????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????????? ????? , ????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????????. ^[20] ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? 10,000 ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????. ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????. ^[20]

?????? ???????? ?????? 1974 ?? 8? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????, ???? ?????????? ??????????????. ^[21] ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????, 30,000 ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. 1974 ?? 27? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????? "????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????????." ??? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. 1975?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. ????? ? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????. ^[21]

1. ↑ Gupta, Smita (24 October 2013). "Now a Samata Manch to build anti-Congress platform" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 26 December 2013 . Retrieved 18 May 2014 .
2. ↑ Sharma, Surender (1 July 2010). "By George! It's out on the street" . MiD DAY . Archived from the original on 2 March 2012 . Retrieved 3 September 2010 . As if it had not earned enough bad name and publicity for one of the most veteran politicians and trade unionist George Fernandes, claimants to his legacy slug it out in streets on Wednesday.
3. ↑ "Biographical Sketch (Member of Parliament: 13th Lok Sabha)" . Parliament of India. Archived from the original on 12 August 2010 . Retrieved 12 September 2010 .
4. ↑ "Shri George Fernandes General Information" . Government of Bihar. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 . Retrieved 3 September 2010 .
5. ↑ "Fernandes: Popular but controversial minister" . BBC . 15 March 2001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 3 September 2010 .
6. ↑ "Why despite several controversial moves, George Fernandes continues to inspire us" . www.dailyo.in .
7. ↑ "The loneliness of George Fernandes" . The Hindu . 21 April 2009 – via www.thehindu.com.
8. ↑ "George Fernandes, former Defence Minister, passes away" . The Hindu . 29 January 2019. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019 . Retrieved 29 January 2019 . Former Defence Minister George Fernandes passed away on Tuesday in New Delhi, according to family members. He was 88. Mr. Fernandes had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The family is awaiting his son Sean Fernandes' arrival from the United States to proceed with funeral arrangements. The funeral is scheduled to be held in New Delhi. 'We are saddened to announce the passing of Shri George Fernandes early this morning. Mr. Fernandes was attended to at his home by a Max Healthcare team, which found him unresponsive and declared him dead at 06:42AM on January 29th, 2019,' Max Healthcare hospital said in a statement.
9. ↑ "Padma awards for George, Vashishtha & six others from state" . The Times of India . 26 January 2020 . Retrieved 26 January 2020 .
10. ↑ "Arun Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, George Fernandes given Padma Vibhushan posthumously. Here's full list of Padma award recipients" . The Economic Times . 26 January 2020 . Retrieved 26 January 2020 .
11. ↑ "MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS" (PDF) . padmaawards.gov.in . Retrieved 25 January 2020 .
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1} Lasrado, Richie. "A Knight in Shining Armour (A profile of union defence minister George Fernandes)" . Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore . Archived from the original on 28 June 2009 . Retrieved 1 January 2010 .
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1} "Kuch lamhe fursat ke ? George Fernandes, a life". E TV. 27 March 2015.
14. ↑ "1984 India General (8th Lok Sabha) Elections Results" .
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1} "George Fernandes" . Hindustan Times . 1 January 2001. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 3 September 2010 .
16. ↑ Himmat, Volume 4 . R. M. Lala. 1974. p. 6.
17. ↑ "The Vajpayee cabinet: All old timers minus one" . Rediff . 13 October 1999. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 3 September 2010 .
18. ↑ "George Fernandes" . The Times of India . 27 June 2003. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011 . Retrieved 8 August 2010 . In his salad days, he served many prison terms as a labour organiser when his workforce squabbled with hired company thugs.
19. ↑ Pai, Rajeev D. (2 April 2004). "When George Fernandes Humbled the 'king' " . Rediff . Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 7 August 2010 .
20. ↑ ^{20.0 20.1 20.2} Shridhar, V. (15?28 September 2001). "Chronicle of a strike" . Frontline . Vol. 18, no. 19. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 9 August 2010 .
21. ↑ ^{21.0 21.1} Doctor, Vikram (6 July 2010). "Real and sham bandhs" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 7 August 2010 .