?????

?????
Conservation status
	Domesticated
????????? ????????
Kingdom:	?????????
Phylum:	????????
Class:	?????????
Order:	??????????????
Family:	???????
Genus:	??????
Subgenus:	??????
Species:	?. ??????
Binomial name
	?????? ?????? ; ????????? , 1758

????? ???? ?????? ( ?????? : Donkey / ass ) ?? ?????? ????? ?????? . ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? . ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? .

?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????. ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????.

?????? [ ?????? ]

Classic British seaside donkeys in Skegness

??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? ??????? ?? ???????????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????.

??????? ??????????? ?????? 3000 BCE ????? ??????? ????????????????. ^[1] ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????????. ????????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????. ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????????.
????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????.

????? ??????? ?????? ???????? [ ?????? ]

??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? $1800 ??????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??.80,000 ??????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? .

???????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????. ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????. ???????, ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? (genetic proximity) ?????, ????????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????, ???? ????????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????.

???????? ???????? ?? ??????? [ ?????? ]

???????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????.
???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????.
????? ?????? ????..!

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Rossel S, Marshall F et al. "Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators." PNAS 105(10):3715-3720. March 11, 2008. Abstract Archived 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Machine

??????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

Blench, R. 2000. The History and Spread of Donkeys in Africa . Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA)
Clutton-Brook, J. 1999. A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63495-4
The Donkey Sanctuary (DS). 2006. Website. [1] (accessed December 2, 2006).
Huffman, B. 2006. The Ultimate Ungulate Page: Equus asinus . (accessed December 2, 2006).
International Museum of the Horse (IMH). 1998. Donkey . (accessed December 3, 2006).
Nowak, R. M., and J. L. Paradiso. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World . Baltimore, Maryland, USA : The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-2525-3
Oklahoma State University (OSU). 2006. Breeds of Livestock . (accessed December 3, 2006).
Starkey, P. and M. Starkey. 1997. Regional and World trends in Donkey Populations . Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (ATNESA) [2] ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[1] Rossel S, Marshall F et al. "Domestication of the donkey: Timing, processes, and indicators." PNAS 105(10):3715-3720. March 11, 2008. Abstract Archived 2008-06-07 at the Wayback Machine

[1]