???:Infobox German location
Konstanz
(
pronounced
[?k?nstants]
, locally
[?k?n?tants]
;
English
:
constance
,
Latin
:
Constantia
) is a
university city
with approximately 80,000 inhabitants located at the western end of
Lake Constance
in the south-west corner of
Germany
, bordering
Switzerland
. The city houses the
University of Konstanz
.
Konstanz is situated on Lake Constance (the
Bodensee
in German). The
Rhine
river, which starts in the
Swiss Alps
, passes through Lake Constance and leaves it, considerably larger, by flowing under a bridge connecting the two parts of the city. North of the river lies the larger part of the city with residential areas, industrial estates, and the University of Konstanz; while south of the river is the old town, which houses the administrative centre and shopping facilities in addition to the
Hochschule
or the
University of Applied Sciences
. Car ferries provide access across Lake Constance to
Meersburg
, and the
Katamaran
provides a shuttle service for pedestrians to
Friedrichshafen
. At the old town's southern border lies the Swiss town of
Kreuzlingen
.
Konstanz is subdivided into 15 wards or districts (
Stadtteile
). The island of
Mainau
belonged to the ward of Litzelstetten, a separate municipality until its incorporation into Konstanz on December 1, 1971.
The first traces of civilization in Konstanz date back to the late
Stone Age
.
During the reign of
Augustus
, the
Celts
living south of the Danube were conquered by the Romans. Around 40 AD, the first Romans settled on the site. This small town on the left bank of the Rhine was probably first called
Drusomagus
and belonged to the
Roman province
of
Raetia
. Its later name, originally
Constantia
, comes either from the Roman emperor
Constantius Chlorus
, who fought the
Alemanni
in the region and built a strong fortress around 300 AD, or from his grandson
Constantius II
, who visited the region in 354. The remains of the
late Roman
fortress
Constantia
were discovered in 2003.
Around 585 the first bishop took up residence in Konstanz and this marked the beginning of the city's importance as a spiritual centre. By the late
Middle Ages
, about one quarter of Konstanz's 6,000 inhabitants were exempt from taxation on account of clerical rights.
????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????????. ? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ????????. 1192 ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????.
1414 ???????? ????? 1418 ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??????. ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????, ? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????1993 ?????????? ???????????.
1460 ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????. 1499 ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????.
1520 ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ????????. ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????. ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ???? 1548 ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????. ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ????????.
????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? 1604 ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. 1610 ?? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????.
1806 ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. 1821 ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????.
?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????-?????????? ?? ????????.
???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ???????? ???????.
1966 ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????. ? ??????? 2000000 ?????????? ????, 24 ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????. ??? ??????? 2007 ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????.
???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????.
-
The late Roman fortress
Constantia
at the
Munsterplatz
.
-
The
Konzilgebaude
in Konstanz.
-
The plaque on the house where Jan Hus stayed in 1414.
-
Its inland location gives Konstanz an oceanic climate (Cfb) with relatively warm, humid summers and cold winters.
????????????? ???? - Konstanz, Germany for 1981?2010 (Source: DWD)
|
???
|
??
|
?????
|
??????
|
?????
|
??
|
????
|
????
|
??
|
???????
|
?????
|
???
|
?????
|
????????
|
??????? ???????? °C (°F)
|
16.3
(61.3)
|
17.4
(63.3)
|
24.1
(75.4)
|
27.4
(81.3)
|
32.1
(89.8)
|
36.3
(97.3)
|
36.0
(96.8)
|
36.1
(97.0)
|
30.9
(87.6)
|
25.8
(78.4)
|
22.0
(71.6)
|
16.8
(62.2)
|
36.3
(97.3)
|
???? ???? °C (°F)
|
3.2
(37.8)
|
5.1
(41.2)
|
10.4
(50.7)
|
15.0
(59.0)
|
19.9
(67.8)
|
22.9
(73.2)
|
25.2
(77.4)
|
24.6
(76.3)
|
19.9
(67.8)
|
14.3
(57.7)
|
7.6
(45.7)
|
4.1
(39.4)
|
14.34
(57.81)
|
???????? ???? °C (°F)
|
0.6
(33.1)
|
1.5
(34.7)
|
5.5
(41.9)
|
9.4
(48.9)
|
14.2
(57.6)
|
17.3
(63.1)
|
19.5
(67.1)
|
18.9
(66.0)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
10.1
(50.2)
|
4.6
(40.3)
|
1.7
(35.1)
|
9.83
(49.69)
|
???? ???? °C (°F)
|
?1.0
(30.2)
|
?0.4
(31.3)
|
1.7
(35.1)
|
4.7
(40.5)
|
9.3
(48.7)
|
12.5
(54.5)
|
14.6
(58.3)
|
14.4
(57.9)
|
10.9
(51.6)
|
7.3
(45.1)
|
2.4
(36.3)
|
?0.4
(31.3)
|
6.20
(43.16)
|
??????? ???????? °C (°F)
|
?19.0
(?2.2)
|
?13.7
(7.3)
|
?12.5
(9.5)
|
?3.5
(25.7)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
4.4
(39.9)
|
7.9
(46.2)
|
6.8
(44.2)
|
2.4
(36.3)
|
?3.8
(25.2)
|
?9.0
(15.8)
|
?13.6
(7.5)
|
?19.0
(?2.2)
|
????
??????
mm (inches)
|
44.0
(1.73)
|
45.0
(1.77)
|
54.7
(2.15)
|
61.5
(2.42)
|
89.2
(3.51)
|
98.3
(3.87)
|
97.4
(3.83)
|
89.3
(3.52)
|
76.7
(3.02)
|
62.7
(2.47)
|
60.0
(2.36)
|
66.1
(2.60)
|
844.78
(33.26)
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
50.2
|
81.9
|
135.3
|
176.9
|
209.9
|
225.3
|
249.2
|
225.6
|
160.1
|
98.8
|
53.8
|
40.6
|
1,707.66
|
Source: Data derived from
Deutscher Wetterdienst
[1]
|
- Konstanz Cathedral
- Petershausen Abbey
- Konzil
edifice, dating to the 15th century
- Niederburg (Lower Castle)
- Remains of a Roman fortress, near the Cathedral
- Schnetztor
, fortified gate of the former city walls
- Imperia
, a 9 m-tall sculpture
- Archaeological Museum
- Jan Hus Museum
Konstanz was also home to a large Synagogue, destroyed by the
Nazi
government in 1938.
International relations
[
??????
]
Konstanz is
twinned
with:
Konstanz station
is served by the
Upper Rhine Railway
running west to
Singen
with connections to all parts of Germany, and the
Etzwilen?Konstanz line
running south into Switzerland, connecting to major routes at
Weinfelden
. Services are provided by the
Deutsche Bahn AG
and also the Swiss
Thurbo
company and its German subsidiary. The nearest
airport
is at
Friedrichshafen
, which can be reached by a fast
ferry
service on the lake, which also connects Konstanz to other lakeside towns. The airport mainly hosts domestic flights, but flights to
Austria
and
Turkey
are available. The nearest international airports are in
Stuttgart
, in
Basel
, and
Zurich
, which has a direct train from Konstanz. Bus services within the city are provided by
Stadtwerke Konstanz
GmbH
.
Additionally Konstanz and
Friedrichshafen
have been connected by the two (since 2008, three)
catamaran
s
Constance
and
Fridolin
since 2005.
World Heritage Site
[
??????
]
It is home to one or more prehistoric
pile-dwelling
(or stilt house) settlements that are part of the
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps
UNESCO
World Heritage Site
.
[2]
- ↑
"Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte"
.
- ↑
UNESCO World Heritage Site - Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Konstanz
.
???:Cities and towns in Konstanz (district)