????? ??????
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|
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| ?????? ???? ??????
(
1911-10-13
)
1911 ???????? 13
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| 2001 ???????? 10
(2001-12-10)
(???? 90)
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| ?????
,
????????
|
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| 1936?1997
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| ????????
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| 4
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| ?????????
(1999)
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( 1911 ???????? 13 ? 2001 ???????? 10),
?????? ????????
?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? ????
??????????? ??????
. ????
????????
??? ???????? ???????????. ???? 1988?? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????
?????????? ?????? ?????????????
????????????. 1999?? ??????
?????????
????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????.
????????, ????????
[
??????
]
?????? ???? ??????
??????
???????? (??????
???????? ??????????
??????? ????????????)????
????????????
?? ??????? ????????? ??????????.
[1]
???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????.???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????????????? ????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ???????
?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? 14 ?????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
?????? ??????
?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????.
???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ??????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????. ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????.
???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????.
[2]
???? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????, ????? ?????, ????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????.
?????? ??????
[
??????
]
?????? (1936?42)
[
??????
]
?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????.
???? ????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????. 1936?? ????? ?????? ????
????? ???
??? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ? ???????? ?????? ????, ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
??????????
?????? ??????? ??????????????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????????. ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????????. ??????????????
????? ??????
??? ???? ????????.
????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????
????? ????
??????
????????????
???? ???? ???????????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????.
?????? ? ??? ??????
????????
(1936),
??????
(1937),
????????
(1937),
????
(1938),
??????
(1938) ????????? ????????. ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
??????
(1941). ?????? ????
???? ?????????
?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ? ???????
?????
(1939),
?????
(1940),
?????
(1940),
????
(1941) ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????????.
?????????? (1943?50)
[
??????
]
1943?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????
???????
???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????. ? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? 1 ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????
????? ???????
?? ???? ????????.
??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? (1944), ?????? (1946), ????? (1947), ???? (1949), ????? (1950, ???????? (1950), ????? (1950) ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????.
???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????????. ??????
????????
,
??????
?????????????????? ??????? ?????? (1948),
???? ???????
?????? ????? ???? ???? (1947),
????????
????? ??????? ???? (1949) ???????? ???????.
??????? ?????? (1950? ????)
[
??????
]
1950? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. 1958?? ????????
???? ????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ???????
????????
,
?????? ??????
,
???? ?????
???? ???? ????????????????????? ???? ????
???????
(1951),
??????
(1951),
??? ?????
(1952),
??????
(1953),
??????
(1955),
??? ?? ??????
(1956) ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????.
???? 1950? ?????? ????????
????? ??????
?? ????? ????????. ????
??????????
?????
?????
(1952) ?????
??????
(1972) ???? 20 ????? ???????? 17 ????????? ????????. ? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ??????????.
??????? (1960 - 1970 ??????)
[
??????
]
1960??? ???? ??????, ???, ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????????.
??????
(1960)?? ????????????, ?????? (1963)?? ??????????? ?????????,
????????
(1964)?? ????? ??????,
?????
(1970)?? ???????? By the 1960s,
?????????? 203
(1971)?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????.
1960 - 70??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??????
?????? ????
(1967),
?????????
(1968),
????? ??? ????????
(1970),
??????
(1972),
????
(1975),
???? ?? ????
(1975),
??????????
(1980) ???? ??????????????. ???? 1980-90??? ?????? ????????? ????????. ???? ????????????
????????
??? ?????????? ???????????,
?????? ?? ????
??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???????????
????? ?? ????? ??
(1997) ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? (????????), ????????? ???????? ????. ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????
[4]
.???? ?????? 275 ????????? ????????. 30?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
????? ??????
2001
,
???????? 10?
?? 90 ???
?????
, ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????.
[5]
???????????
[
??????
]
??????? ??????
[
??????
]
????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????:
- ????? ????
(1936)
- ????????
(1936)
- ?????
(1940)
- ????
(1941)
- ??????
(1941)
- ???????
(1943)
- ????
(1949)
- ??????
(1953)
- ????-????
(1956)
- ????? ?? ????? ????
(1958)
- ???? ????????
(1958)
- ??????
(1960)
- ?????????
(1961)
- ???????
(1962)
- ???????
(1963)
- ?????????
(1963)
- ????????
(1964)
- ???
(1966)
- ??? ?????
(1967)
- ?????? ????
(1967)
- ?????
(1968)
- ?????????
(1968)
- ????????
(1969)
- ?????????? ???.203
(1972)
- ???? ?? ????
(1975)
- ????
(1975)
- ????? ??????
(1977)
- ????? ????
(1977)
- ????? ????
(1978)
- ???? ?????
(1980)
- ??????
(1982)
- ???? ???? ???
(1985)
- ??????? ??????
(1987)
- ?????????
(1993)
- ???? ??????
(1995)
?????????
[
??????
]
???? ???????
[
??????
]
?????????? ??????????
Ashok Kumar
?? ????????? ????????? ???????.
|
---|
??????????
| | |
---|
??????
| 1969
-
?????? ????
, ???
·
1970
-
??.???.???????
·
1971
-
?????????? ?????
, ?????
·
1972
-
????? ???????
·
1973
-
??????
·
1975
-
?????? ??????
·
1976
-
????? ????
, ???
·
1977
-
?????? ????
·
1978
-
???.??.?????
·
1979
-
???????? ????
·
1981
-
??????
, ????? ????????
·
1983
-
?????? ????
, ???
·
1984
-
???????? ??
, ????????
·
1985
-
??.????????
, ????????, ???????, ?????
·
1987
-
???? ?????
, ?????, ????????
·
1988
-
????? ??????
, ?????
·
1989
-
??? ?????????
, ?????
·
1991
-
?????? ??????????
·
1992
-
?????? ???????
, ????? ????????
·
1993
-
??????? ?????????????
, ???? ?????
·
1994
-
?????? ??????
, ?????
·
1995
-
???? ??????
, ?????
·
1996
-
?????? ??????
, ?????
·
1997
-
???????
, ???? ?????
·
1998
-
??.???.??????
, ????????, ???????
·
1999
-
???????? ???????
, ????????
·
2000
-
??? ???????
, ?????
·
2001
-
??? ??????
, ????????, ???????
·
2002
-
????????
, ?????, ????????, ???????
·
2003
-
?????? ????
, ????????
·
2004
-
????? ??????????????
, ????????
·
2005
-
????? ??????
, ????????
·
2006
-
???? ??????
, ????????
·
2007
-
????? ??
, ????????
·
2008
-
??.??.??????
, ?????????????
·
2010
-
??.?????????
, ????????.
·
2011
-
???????? ??????
, ???????????,???.
·
2012
-
??????
, ?????.
·
2013
-
????????
, ??? ?????
·
2014
-
??? ?????
-?????? ?????
·
2015
-
????? ??????
- ?????? ?????
|
---|