?????? ?????

?????????????
?????? ??????,??? ?????? ??? ?????

????? (Copper) ???? ????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? (element) ??? ??? (metal). ?????? ???????? " ????? " ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????? "?????" ????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.? ?????? ?????????????????? Cu ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ? ????????? ??? ?????? 29.

??????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????.

ತಾಮ್ರದ ಬಾಜನ
?????? ????

?????? ???-????? [ ?????????? ]

????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ???? (malleable) ????? ?????(ductile) ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? (conductor) ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ???. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ??????, ??????, ???,???, ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????.

?????? ??????? [ ?????????? ]

ಚಾಲ್ಕೊಪೈರೈಟ್- ತಾಮ್ರದ ಸಲ್ಫೈಡು ಅದುರು.
????????????- ?????? ??????? ?????.

?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????: (?) ???????? ????? ????? (?) ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? (?) ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.

ಕೋವೆಲೈಟ್- ತಾಮ್ರದ ಸಲ್ಫೈಡು ಅದುರು
????????- ?????? ??????? ?????

(?) ???????? ????? ????? [ ?????????? ]

????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????: ?????????? ???????? ????? (Native copper) ????? ???? ???????. ?????? 99.9 % ????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

(?) ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? [ ?????????? ]

??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????:

ಅಜುರೈಟ್ (ಕಡುನೀಲಿ ರಂಗ್ ದ) ಬೊಕ ಮಾಲಕೈಟ್ (ಪಚ್ಚ ರಂಗ್ ದ) ಕನಿಜೊಲು
??????? (??????? ???? ?)  ??? ??????? (???? ???? ?) ???????
  • ???????????? ( Chalcopyrite. ????? ?????? 34.6  % ) .CuFeS 2
  • ?????????? (Chalcocite. ????? ?????? 79  % ). Cu 2 S
  • ???????? ( Covellite. ????? ?????? 66.5  % ) . Cu S
  • ???????? (Bornite. ????? ?????? 63.3  % ). 2 Cu 2 S·CuS·FeS
  • ???????? (Digenite. ????? ?????? 78.1  % ). Cu 9 S 5
  • ???????? ( Enargite.????? ?????? 48.4  % ).Cu(As,Sb) 3 . S 4
  • ?????????????? (Tetrahedrite. ????? ?????? 46.7  % ). Cu. 3 Sb S 3

(?) ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? [ ?????????? ]

??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????

ಕ್ರೈಸೊಕೊಲ್ಲಾ ಕನಿಜೊ
???????????? ?????
  • ????????. ( Cuprite:. ????? ?????? 88.8  % ). CuO
  • ?????????.(Tennantite. ????? ?????? 79.9  % ) Cu 12 As 4 S 13
  • ???????.(Malachite. ????? ?????? 57.5  % ) Cu CO 3 ?Cu (OH) 2
  • ??????? (Azurite. ????? ?????? 55.3  % ) 2Cu CO 3 ·Cu (OH) 2
  • ???????????? (Chrysocolla. ????? ?????? 37.9  % ) CuO·SiO 2 ·2H 2 O
  • ??????????? (Brochantite. ????? ?????? 56.2  % ) Cu4SO4(OH)6
  • ??????????.(Chalcanthite. ????? ?????? 25.5  % ) CuSO.  4 · 5H 2 O

???????? ?????? ?????????? [ ?????????? ]

??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????. ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????????:

  • ???????? , ?????????? ??????
  • ???????, ???????? ??????, ???? ??????
  • ????????, ???? ??????
  • ???????, ??????? ??????
  • ???????, ?????? ??????,??????? ??????

? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 0.5%-0.8% ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ?????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????.

???????? / ?????? ????? [ ?????????? ]

????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????.

????? ?????? ?????????? [ ?????????? ]

??? ???? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????????:

???????? ???? [ ?????????? ]

??????? [ ?????????? ]